森林木质残体对物种多样性的影响研究进展  

Advances in the impact of forest woody debris on species diversity

作　　者：张锦琳 官智洁 游巍斌[2,4] 胡红莉 何东进[1,4,5] ZHANG Jinlin;GUAN Zhijie;YOU Weibin;HU Hongli;HE Dongjin(College of Forestry,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Fuzhou 350002,China;College of Juncao Science and Ecology,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University(College of Carbon Neutrality),Fuzhou 350002,China;College of Plant Protection,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Fuzhou 350002,China;Fujian Southern Forest Resources and Environmental Engineering Technology Research Center,Fuzhou 350002,China;Fujian Vocational College of Agriculture,Fuzhou 350119,China)

机构地区：[1]福建农林大学林学院,福州350002 [2]福建农林大学菌草与生态学院(碳中和学院),福州350002 [3]福建农林大学植物保护学院,福州350002 [4]福建省南方森林资源与环境工程技术研究中心,福州350002 [5]福建农业职业技术学院,福州350119

出　　处：《生态学报》2025年第7期3555-3567,共13页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(32271872)。

摘　　要：木质残体通过为多种生物提供栖息地、繁殖场所和养分支持,在维持物种多样性中起着关键作用。基于近20年国内外相关研究,系统梳理了木质残体对物种多样性的影响,涵盖了木质残体上栖息的动物、微生物和植物多样性。从木质残体的个体特征(如来源、体积大小、分解程度及树种类型)方面,系统分析其对物种多样性的作用机制;阐述了森林管理实践引起的木质残体数量、特征以及时空连续性的变化对生物多样性的影响。提出将木质残体纳入森林适应性管理的策略、气候变化背景下木质残体与物种多样性的关系评估、极端干扰事件对木栖物种群落组成的影响、木质残体树皮特性与生物群落构建的关系4个未来研究重点方向。旨在为森林木质残体的科学管理提供依据,亦为森林生态系统物种多样性保护提供新视角。Woody debris plays a critical role in maintaining species diversity,offering habitats,breeding grounds,and nutritional support to a variety of organisms.This review synthesizes the impact of woody debris on species diversity,drawing on studies spanning the last two decades and encompassing the diversity of animals,microorganisms,and plants within woody debris habitats.Mechanisms through which the individual attributes of woody debris are analysed,including origin,size,decomposition stage,and tree species—affect species diversity.For instance,larger woody debris provides stable microhabitats over extended periods,thereby supporting higher species richness,while specific tree species create unique ecological niches due to their distinct chemical and physical properties.The decomposition process,which occurs in distinct stages,drives dynamic changes in species composition,with each stage fostering specific ecological interactions.Additionally,the origin of woody debris—whether derived from natural events such as storms,fires,and insect outbreaks,or human activities like logging—plays a significant role in determining its quantity,quality,and habitat potential,thereby shaping biodiversity outcomes across different forest types.The review also discusses how changes in the quantity,characteristics,and spatial⁃temporal continuity of woody debris,resulting from forest management activities,affect biodiversity.Intensive forest management frequently reduces the volume and structural diversity of woody debris,negatively impacting specialized and rare species.In contrast,strategies that promote natural forest dynamics or adopt adaptive management approaches enhance habitat heterogeneity,thereby benefiting a wide array of organisms.Maintaining diverse types and decomposition stages of woody debris is crucial for supporting species across multiple trophic levels,including fungi,invertebrates,birds,and mammals.Furthermore,the spatial connectivity of woody debris is essential for low⁃dispersal species,underscoring the

关 键 词：森林生态系统 倒木 木质残体 森林管理 物种多样性 

分 类 号：S718.5[农业科学—林学]