一起10kV线路单相接地故障引发的火灾原因分析  

Analysis of the causes of a fire caused by a single-phase grounding fault on a 10 kV transmission line

作　　者：王玉领 吴志君 王鑫 宋丞玉 Wang Yuling;Wu Zhijun;Wang Xin;Song Chenyu(Tianjin Fire Science and Technology Research Institute of MEM,Tianjin 300381,China;Key Laboratory of Fire Protection Technology for Industry and Public Building,Ministry of Emergency Management,Tianjin 300381,China;Tianjin Key Laboratory of Fire Safety Technology,Tianjin 300381,China;Ninghai Fire and Rescue Section,Ningbo Zhejiang 315699,China)

机构地区：[1]应急管理部天津消防研究所,天津300381 [2]工业与公共建筑火灾防控技术应急管理部重点实验室,天津300381 [3]天津市消防安全技术重点实验室,天津300381 [4]宁海县消防救援大队,浙江宁波315699

出　　处：《消防科学与技术》2025年第4期574-578,共5页Fire Science and Technology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划资助项目(2022YFC3006303)。

摘　　要：我国现有低压配电系统大多采用小电流接地方式,其中单相接地故障占系统故障的比例较高。本文通过一起草原火灾,阐述分析了在配电架空线路发生故障时,智能电能表后台记录的电力数据变化情况和相关规律。通过分析软件提取智能电能表后台数据,采用理论分析和线路金相组织微观形貌分析的方式,结合现场勘验、调查询问、视频分析和数据分析,对起火灾原因进行调查分析。结果表明,智能电能表后台记录数据参数变化与架空线路发生单相接地故障时电力参数变化规律一致。基于该方法 ,进一步分析线路实际故障情况并与其他证据相结合,能够为架空线路发生单相接地故障而引发火灾的原因调查提供新途径。Most of China's existing low-voltage distribution systems adopt low current grounding methods,with single-phase grounding faults accounting for a higher proportion of system failures.This article analyzes the changes in power data recorded by intelligent energy meters in the background and the relevant laws when a fault occurs on an overhead power distribution line through a grassland fire.By analyzing software,the backend data from smart energy meters is extracted,theoretical analysis and simulation experiments were used to verify the cause of the fire,combined with on-site inspections,investigation inquiries,video analysis and data analysis.The results show that the changes in data parameters recorded by the intelligent energy meter in the background are consistent with the changes in power parameters when a single-phase grounding fault occurs on overhead lines.Based on the method,further analyzing the actual fault situation of the line,and combining with other evidence,can provide a new approach for investigating the causes of fires caused by single-phase grounding faults on overhead lines.

关 键 词：火灾调查 单相接地故障 智能电能表 草原火灾 

分 类 号：X928.7[环境科学与工程—安全科学] S762.1[农业科学—森林保护学]