烟草根腐病生防木霉菌筛选及防病作用研究  

Screening and study on the biocontrol effects of Trichoderma atroviride against tobacco root rot

作　　者：付宏喆 杨盟权 彭智良 李先锋 杨照 文俊明 杨欣玲 张明月 殷全玉[1] FU Hongzhe;YANG Mengquan;PENG Zhiliang;LI Xianfeng;YANG Zhao;WEN Junming;YANG Xinling;ZHANG Mingyue;YIN Quanyu(College of Tobacco,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450002,China;Shangluo Branch of Shanxi Tobacco Company,Shangluo 726000,China;Hanzhong Branch of Shanxi Tobacco Company,Hanzhong 723102,China;Xianyang Branch of Shanxi Tobacco Company,Xianyang 712000,China;Technology Center of Henan China Tobacco Industry Co.,Ltd.,Zhengzhou 450002,China)

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学烟草学院,郑州450002 [2]陕西省烟草公司商洛市公司,商洛726000 [3]陕西省烟草公司汉中市公司,汉中723102 [4]陕西省烟草公司咸阳市公司,咸阳712000 [5]河南中烟工业有限责任公司技术中心,郑州450002

出　　处：《中国烟草学报》2025年第2期122-131,共10页Acta Tabacaria Sinica

基　　金：河南省科技攻关项目(232102110053);河南中烟工业有限责任公司技术开发项目(2021410001300085)。

摘　　要：【目的】筛选对烟草根腐病病原菌尖孢镰刀菌具有拮抗效果的木霉菌。【方法】从烟草根腐病发病田块采集健康烟株根际土壤,采用平板对峙法筛选对尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum)具有拮抗作用的木霉菌株,并采用形态学和分子生物学方法鉴定,通过盆栽法测定对烟草根腐病的防治效果。【结果】分离纯化6株对尖孢镰刀菌具有抑制作用的木霉菌株,其中MG0322抑菌效果最好,两点对峙抑菌率为47.66%,四点对峙抑菌率为80.24%,双板对扣抑菌率55.25%,且6株木霉菌株对多种病原菌均具有广谱拮抗作用。经形态学和分子生物学鉴定,MG0322为深绿木霉菌,盆栽试验表明孢子悬液可显著提高烟株根系活力、根系保护酶活性、苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性、多酚氧化酶活性和渗透调节物质含量,降低根系丙二醛含量,有效降低烟草根腐病发病率。[Objective]This study aims to screen for Trichoderma strains with antagonistic effects against the tobacco root rot pathogen Fusarium oxysporum.[Methods]Soil samples from the rhizosphere of healthy tobacco plants were collected from tobacco root rot-affected fields.Trichoderma strains with antagonistic effects against Fusarium oxysporum were screened using the plate confrontation method.The strains were identified using morphological and molecular biology methods,and their biocontrol efficacy against tobacco root rot was evaluated through pot experiments.[Results]Six Trichoderma strains were isolated and purified,among which Trichoderma MG0322 had the best inhibitory effect,with a two-point standoff inhibitory rate of 47.66%,a four-point standoff inhibitory rate of 80.24%,and a double-plate counter inhibition rate of 55.25%.All six Trichoderma strains displayed broad-spectrum antagonism against various pathogens.Morphological and molecular identification revealed that MG0322 is Trichoderma virens.Pot experiments demonstrated that spore suspension of MG0322 significantly enhanced tobacco root vigor,root protective enzyme activity,phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity,polyphenol oxidase activity,and osmotic regulation substance content,while reducing malondialdehyde content in the roots,effectively lowering the incidence of tobacco root rot.

关 键 词：尖孢镰刀菌 烟草根腐病 对峙试验 深绿木霉 抑菌效果 

分 类 号：S435.72[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]