晾制过程中雪茄烟叶颜色变化的能量代谢机制研究  

Study on the energy metabolism mechanism of color changes in cigar tobacco leaves during the air-curing process

作　　者：张宜冰 阳苇丽[2] 雷云康 晏睿 赵宇[4] 王俊 宋朝鹏[1] 秦艳青 ZHANG Yibing;YANG Weili;LEI Yunkang;YAN Rui;ZHAO Yu;WANG Jun;SONG Zhaopeng;QIN Yanqing(College of Tobacco Science,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450002,China;Dazhou Branch of Sichuan Tobacco Company,Dazhou 635000,China;Deyang Branch of Sichuan Tobacco Company,Deyang 618400,China;Sichuan Tobacco Company,Chengdu 610017,China)

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学烟草学院,郑州450002 [2]四川省烟草公司达州市公司,达州635000 [3]四川省烟草公司德阳市公司,德阳618400 [4]四川省烟草公司,成都610017

出　　处：《中国烟草学报》2025年第2期132-144,共13页Acta Tabacaria Sinica

基　　金：中国烟草总公司重大科技项目(提高茄衣颜色均匀性和产出率的关键技术优化研究与应用110202201036(XJ-07))。

摘　　要：【目的】探究晾制过程中雪茄烟叶颜色变化的能量代谢机制,准确把握烟叶的晾制特性。【方法】以茄衣品种QX100和德雪1号为试验材料,测定晾制0~12 d内烟叶的变黄程度、变褐程度、水分含量、ATP含量、ADP含量、AMP含量、能荷、琥珀酸脱氢酶(SDH)活性和细胞色素C氧化酶(CCO)活性,并对第6d的烟叶进行代谢组学分析。【结果】(1)QX100的变黄、变褐速度比德雪1号更快,且第6 d可作为两品种烟叶颜色变化的分界点。(2)与德雪1号相比,QX100的烟叶含水量在变色期(4~12 d)内更低;能量水平在烟叶完成变黄(第8 d)之前更高,转褐五成(第10 d)后更低,且SDH和CCO的高活性时间更长。(3)QX100和德雪1号烟叶中的200种差异代谢物富集到12条显著的代谢通路。显著性排名前4的乙醛酸盐和二羧酸盐代谢、丙酮酸盐代谢、三羧酸(TCA)循环、烟酸和烟酰胺代谢均与能量代谢相关,其中富集到的琥珀酸、L-苹果酸、烟酸、乙醛酸、甘油酸、马来酸、丙酸在QX100中相对含量更高,D-乳酸在德雪1号中相对含量更高。【结论】晾制过程中雪茄烟叶的能量代谢活动可能影响其变色进程,且受到乙醛酸盐和二羧酸盐代谢、丙酮酸盐代谢、TCA循环、烟酸和烟酰胺代谢的共同调控。[Objective]This study aims to explore the energy metabolism mechanisms of color changes in cigar tobacco leaves during the curing process so as to accurately grasp the curing characteristics of tobacco leaves.[Methods]Using cigar wrapper varieties"QX100"and"Dexue 1"as the test materials,we measured the degree of yellowing and browning,the content of moisture,ATP,ADP and AMP,energy charge,the activity of succinate dehydrogenase(SDH),and cytochrome C oxidase(CCO)in tobacco leaves from 0 to 12 days of curing.Additionally,we conducted a metabolomic analysis of tobacco leaves on the 6th day.[Results](1)The speed of yellowing and browning of QX100 was faster than Dexue 1,and the 6th daycan be considered as the dividing point for color change of the two tobacco varieties.(2)Compared to DeXue 1,QX100 leaves had lower moisture content during the color change period(days 4-12),higher energy levels before the leaves completed yellowing(day 8),lower energy levels after reaching 50%browning(day 10),and a longer duration of high SDH and CCO activity.(3)Two hundred differential metabolites in QX100 and Dexue 1 tobacco leaves were enriched in 12 significant metabolic pathways.The top four significant metabolic pathways included glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,pyruvate metabolism,TCA cycle,and metabolism of niacin and nicotinamide,all of which were related to energy metabolism.Among them,the enriched metabolites such as succinic acid,L-malic acid,niacin,glyoxylic acid,glyceric acid,malic acid,and propionic acid had relatively higher content in QX100,while D-lactic acid was more concentrated in Dexue 1.[Conclusion]Energy metabolism activities during air-curing may influence the color change process of cigar tobacco leaves and are jointly regulated by glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,pyruvate metabolism,the TCA cycle,and nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism.

关 键 词：代谢组 雪茄晾制 颜色变化 能量代谢 TCA循环 

分 类 号：S572[农业科学—烟草工业]