运载火箭发射过程中的最大气动载荷预测方法  

Maximum aerodynamic load prediction method during launching of vehicle launch

作　　者：程胡华 武帅 姜祝辉 张入财 CHENG Huhua;WU Shuai;JIANG Zhuhui;ZHANG Rucai(Unit 63729 of PLA,Taiyuan 030027,China;Unit 61741 of PLA,Beijing 100094,China;Beijing Institute of Applied Meteorology,Beijing 100029,China;Unit 31308 of PLA,Chengdu 610031,China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民解放军63729部队,太原030027 [2]中国人民解放军61741部队,北京100094 [3]北京应用气象研究所,北京100029 [4]中国人民解放军31308部队,成都610031

出　　处：《北京航空航天大学学报》2025年第4期1304-1312,共9页Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics

摘　　要：火箭发射前3 h的最大气动载荷是决定能否按计划发射的重要指标之一,该值与发射时刻的最大气动载荷差异特征研究极少。通过对2014年12月—2019年12月的时间间隔3.5 h内最大气动载荷差异特征进行分析,发现6.29%样本数的最大气动载荷绝对差超过了500 Pa·rad,主要是由于3.5 h内高空风出现异常增大、异常减小导致的,若未提前发现该变化特征,则可能会影响火箭的飞行安全。针对绝对差超过500 Pa·rad的样本,通过建模订正可得到更接近发射后0.5 h最大气动载荷值,绝对差由713.08Pa·rad减小到398.22Pa·rad,相对误差由29.02%减小到16.32%,相关系数由0.27增大到0.71,表明该建模方法有一定的改进作用,有利于提高火箭安全飞行的保障能力。The maximum aerodynamic load 3 h before the launch of the rocket is one of the important data to determine whether the rocket launch can be carried out as planned,and the different characteristics between 3 h before rocket launch and launch time have rarely been studied.The maximum aerodynamic load absolute difference of the 6.29%sample size surpasses 500 Pa∙rad,according to an analysis of the features of the maximum aerodynamic load difference during 3.5 hours between December 2014 and December 2019.This is mainly due to the anomalous increase and decrease of the upper wind.If the changing characteristics are not detected in advance,it may affect the safe flight of the rocket;for samples with an absolute difference of more than 500 Pa∙rad.The correlation coefficient rose from 0.27 to 0.71,the relative error dropped from 29.02%to 16.32%,and the absolute difference dropped from 713.08 Pa∙rad to 398.22 Pa∙rad.It shows that the modeling method has a certain improvement effect,which is conducive to improving the guaranteed ability of rocket safety flight.

关 键 词：运载火箭发射 最大气动载荷偏差 最大气动载荷预测 建模精度 安全飞行 

分 类 号：V411.8[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程]