山西地区39份甜樱桃种质果实品质分析与综合评价  

Analysis and comprehensive evaluation of fruit quality of 39 sweet cherry accessions in Shanxi region

作　　者：候璇 尹凯花 聂国伟 李凯 张亚楠 张晓萍 田永强 HOU Xuan;YIN Kaihua;NIE Guowei;LI Kai;ZHANG Yanan;ZHANG Xiaoping;TIAN Yongqiang(College of Horticulture,Shanxi Agricultural University,Jinzhong 030800,Shanxi,China;Shanxi Agricultural University,Pomology Institute/Shanxi Key Laboratory of Fruit Germplasm Creation and Utilization,Taiyuan 030031,Shanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学园艺学院,山西晋中030800 [2]山西农业大学果树研究所·果树种质创制和利用山西省重点实验室,太原030031

出　　处：《果树学报》2025年第4期752-764,共13页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：山西农业大学育种工程(YZGC035);山西农业大学地方合作项目(XDHZQWY2022-08);山西省果树产业技术体系(2024CYJSTX07-05);国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1901101-1-4)。

摘　　要：【目的】对山西地区39份甜樱桃种质的果实表型性状进行综合评价,为评价甜樱桃果实品质和筛选优良种质提供参考依据。【方法】以39份甜樱桃种质资源为材料,对25个果实表型性状进行多样性分析、相关性分析和聚类分析,并基于主成分分析作出综合评价。【结果】25个表型性状的遗传多样性指数在1.03~2.08之间,单果质量、果形指数、果实横径、核纵径、核横径和蛋白质含量这6个性状的遗传多样性指数均大于2。19个数量性状变异系数的范围为1.05%~71.01%,果肉硬度和维生素C含量的变异程度较大。相关性分析结果表明,不同种质的各个表型性状关系紧密。聚类分析将39份甜樱桃种质资源分为3个类群:口感佳种质、大果硬肉种质和高糖高酸、软肉种质。主成分分析显示,筛选出的7个主成分累计贡献率达80.329%,其中与果实大小相关的指标对表型多样性的影响最大。综合评价结果显示美早的综合得分最高(3.82)。【结论】甜樱桃果实品质存在多样性,鲁樱5号的单果质量最大、香泉2号的可溶性固形物含量最高、蜜泉的固酸比最高、早大果的维生素C含量最高、柯迪亚的果皮穿刺强度最大、桑提娜的果实硬度最高。综合评价显示,美早、桑提娜、黑珍珠、福晨和早大果为排名前5的优良甜樱桃种质资源。筛选出单果质量、固酸比和果皮色泽等12个可作为甜樱桃表型性状评价的关键指标,为后续甜樱桃种质品质分析评价与品种选育提供参考。【Objective】Germplasm resources,serving as the material basis of agricultural production,are directly intertwined with the manifestation and enhancement of fruit quality.The sweet cherry,as a superior introduced fruit tree variety,has not yet been fully recognized and exploited in China.A comprehensive and in-depth exploration of sweet cherry germplasm resources holds tremendous significance for the exploitation of sweet cherry resources and the sustainable development of the industry within China.This study made a comprehensive assessment of the phenotypic traits of 39 sweet cherry fruits in the Shanxi region,with an intention of furnishing a reference foundation for the quality appraisal of sweet cherry fruits and the selection of superior germplasm.Moreover,the study aims to offer technical and theoretical sustenance for the sustainable development of the sweet cherry industry in Shanxi.【Methods】39 sweet cherry samples were used for this study and 25 phenotypic traits were identified for the investigation.The quantitative traits encompassed single fruit mass,flesh recovery,fruit longitudinal diameter,fruit lateral diameter,fruit transverse diameter,fruit stalk length,stone mass,stone trans verse diameter,stone longitudinal diameter,soluble solids content,vitamin C content,protein content,total soluble sugar content,reducing sugar content,total acid content,pericarp puncture strength,pulp firmness,fruit shape index,and solid-acid ratio.The qualitative traits comprised fruit shape,fruit apex shape,exocarp color,degree of coloration,flesh color,and fruit flavor.Subsequently,diversity analysis,correlation analysis,and cluster analysis were successively conducted on these phenotypic traits.Finally,a comprehensive evaluation was carried out through principal component analysis based on these phenotypic characteristics.【Results】The 39 sweet cherry samples possessed rich genetic diversity.The genetic diversity indices of the 19 quantitative traits ranged from 1.68 to 2.08.Among them,the genetic diversity in

关 键 词：甜樱桃 表型性状 多样性分析 相关性分析 聚类分析 综合评价 

分 类 号：S662.5[农业科学—果树学]