不同光质对避雨栽培阳光玫瑰葡萄光合特性及果实品质的影响  

Effect of different light qualities on photosynthetic characteristics and fruit quality of Shine Muscat grapevines grown under rain-sheltered cultivation

作　　者：宫小敏 虞光辉 李秀杰 王荣 陈广霞 吴玉森 吴新颖 张志昌 李勃 马玉姣 GONG Xiaomin;YU Guanghui;LI Xiujie;WANG Rong;CHEN Guangxia;WU Yusen;WU Xinying;ZHANG Zhichang;LI Bo;MAYujiao(Rural Revitalization Service Center of Daiyue,Tai’an 271000,Shandong,China;Shandong Academy of Grape,Jinan 250100,Shandong,China;College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture,Tianjin Agricultural University,Tianjin 300392,China;Shandong Zhichang Agricultural Science and Technology Development Co.,Ltd.,Juxian 276599,Shandong,China)

机构地区：[1]泰安市岱岳区乡村振兴服务中心,山东泰安271000 [2]山东省葡萄研究院,济南250100 [3]天津农学院园艺园林学院,天津300392 [4]山东志昌农业科技发展股份有限公司,山东莒县276599

出　　处：《果树学报》2025年第4期790-801,共12页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：2022年山东省重点研发计划(乡村振兴科技创新提振行动计划)(2022TZXD0011);财政部和农业农村部:国家现代葡萄产业技术体系专项(CARS-29-16);山东省果品产业技术体系实验站(SDAIT-06-21);山东省农业科学院农业科技创新工程项目(CXGC2024F16)。

摘　　要：【目的】探讨不同补光处理对避雨栽培阳光玫瑰葡萄(Vitis labrusca×V.vinifera‘Shine Muscat’)叶片光合特性及果实品质的影响,为避雨栽培中葡萄的补光应用提供一定的理论依据。【方法】以山东省泰安金牛山基地避雨栽培5年生阳光玫瑰葡萄为试验材料,设置不同光源(红光、白光、红蓝光2∶1、遮光)进行补光处理,补光期从萌芽期至果实成熟期,以不补光为对照。记录新梢生长指标,测定光合数据,检测叶绿素荧光参数,并测量单果质量、总酸(TA)和总可溶性固形物(TSS)的含量。在芽成熟后,通过qRT-PCR分析8个成花基因的表达,并于第2年统计花芽萌发率。【结果】红蓝光2∶1补光处理增加了阳光玫瑰葡萄叶片面积和新梢长度,PSⅡ最大光化学效率(F_(v)/F_(m))、性能指数(PI abs)及净光合速率(Pn)和气孔导度(Gs)等光合相关参数得到提高;同时,促进了果实纵径、横径、单果质量的增加,提高了果实糖度。补光处理还促进了花芽萌发率,且影响了VvGI、VvSOC1等光周期相关基因的表达。【结论】RBL2∶1补光能够显著增强阳光玫瑰葡萄的光合作用,改善果实大小及品质,且对第2年萌芽情况有显著改善。【Objective】Light serves as a pivotal environmental regulator in plant morphogenesis and physiological adaptation.Under grape facility cultivation,particularly with rain-shelter systems,insufficient light frequently constrains photosynthetic efficiency and reproductive development.To address this limitation,spectral-modulated supplementary lighting emerges as a promising agronomic intervention.This study investigated the impacts of varied light qualities spectra on the ecophysiological responses of Shine Muscat(Vitis labrusca´V.vinifera),with emphasis on foliar morpho-anatomical adaptations,stem elongation dynamics,photosynthetic performance indices,fruit biochemical profiles and flower bud differentiation.The findings aim to establish a theoretical basis and practical guidance for optimizing supplementary lighting strategies under facility cultivation.【Methods】Five-year-old rain sheltered Shine Muscat grapevines were used in this study.Four treatments were set:red light(RL),white light(WL),Redblue light 2∶1(RBL 2∶1)and CK(no-suplementary-light control).LED lamps(36 W,640 nm)were installed 30 cm above the canopy and operated 12 hours daily(8:00-20:00)from April 11th to September 7th,2023.Each treatment consisted of 10 vines with three replicates,separated by shading films.Leaf area,basal cane diameter and internode length were measured on 20 randomly selected canes per treatment after two months.Leaf area was calculated using the formula:Area=long axis×short axis×π/4.For chlorophyll fluorescence parameters,leaves were dark-adapted for 20 minutes,and then subjected to 1-second fluorescence induction using 3000μmol·m-²·s-1 light.JIP-test analysis was used to calculate variable fluorescence(Vt)and its difference(ΔVt),along with other fluorescence parameters.During the berry expansion stage,photosynthetic parameters were recorded on sunny days between 8:00 and 18:00 using a CIRAS-3 portable photosynthesis system.Measurements of Pn(net photosynthetic rate),Gs(stomatal conductance),Ci(intercellular

关 键 词：阳光玫瑰葡萄 补光 光合特性 果实品质 花芽分化 

分 类 号：S663.1[农业科学—果树学]