不同枣品种裂果生理特性研究  

Study on physiological characteristics of fruit cracking of different jujube varieties

作　　者：刘伟 王建宇 王振磊[1] 林敏娟[1] LIUWei;WANG Jianyu;WANG Zhenlei;LIN Minjuan(Faculty of Horticulture and Forestry,Tarim University/The National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of High Efficiency and Superior-Quality Culti-vation and Fruit Deep Processing Technology on Characteristic Fruit Trees,Alar 843300,Xinjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]塔里木大学园艺与林学学院·南疆特色果树高效优质栽培与深加工技术国家地方联合工程实验室,新疆阿拉尔843300

出　　处：《果树学报》2025年第4期840-852,共13页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：兵团中青年科技创新领军人才计划(2018CB032);国家自然科学基金项目(31560541)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究不同裂果性枣品种不同时期果实浸水裂果率、细胞壁物质组分、细胞壁降解酶活性的变化,为枣裂果的防治提供科学依据。【方法】以极易裂果品种伏脆蜜和极抗裂果品种大荔知枣为试材,对果实浸水裂果率、果皮细胞壁组分及相关降解酶活性进行分析。【结果】抗裂果品种果实浸水后裂果开始出现的时间晚于易裂果品种,脆熟期果实对水分反应更敏感。在果实近成熟期,抗裂果品种果肉中离子结合果胶、共价结合果胶、纤维素含量减少,而易裂果品种果肉中离子结合果胶、共价结合果胶含量增加;抗裂果品种果皮中共价结合果胶、半纤维素含量高于易裂果品种。在果实半红期,抗裂果品种果皮多聚半乳糖醛酸酶(PG)、纤维素酶活性高于易裂果品种,抗裂果品种果皮多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性极显著高于易裂果品种。抗裂果品种果肉中PG活性、CAT活性显著或极显著高于易裂果品种,纤维素酶活性高于易裂果品种,PPO活性极显著低于易裂果品种。【结论】半红期和全红期果实对水分反应敏感,浸水条件下裂果出现越早的品种后期裂果率越高。在裂果敏感期(半红期),大荔知枣表现为果皮中共价结合果胶、半纤维素含量高,果肉中离子结合果胶、共价结合果胶、纤维素含量高。果皮和果肉中PG、纤维素酶和CAT活性高的品种抗裂果能力强;果皮中PG、纤维素酶活性越低、PPO和CAT活性越高的品种抗裂果能力越强。【Objective】Jujube(Ziziphus jujuba Mill.)is native to China with good tolerance to abiotic stresses.Jujube fruit is rich in nutrients and is edible and medicinal.Fruit cracking is a limiting factor influencing production of jujube.The cell wall materials,cell wall degrading enzymes,and peel structure are closely related to the occurrence of fruit cracking.The purpose of this experiment was to explore the changes in fruit water-immersion cracking rate,cell wall substances and cell wall degrading enzymes in different period of fruit development of the varieties with different potential of fruit cracking in order to provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of cracking of jujube fruits.【Methods】The fruits of Fucuim(easy cracking)and Dalizhizao(anti-cracking)were used as materials collected from the Jujube Germplasm Resource Nursery of the Horticultural Experiment Station of Tarim University.The experiment design was single-plant plot with three replications.80 fruits from each plant were sampled in four periods of pre-white ripening,white ripening,half-red stage and full-red stage,and kept in an ice box to bring back to the laboratory for separation of the pulp and pericarp,and then treated with liquid nitrogen and put into-80℃ultra-low-temperature refrigerator for storage.The observations were made to analyze the rate of fruit cracking by immersion,pericarp cell wall composition(cellulose,hemicellu lose,water-soluble pectin,ion-bound pectin and covalently bound pectin)and the activities of related degrading enzymes(polygalacturonase,cellulase,catalase,superoxide dismutase).【Results】The pericarp strength was positively correlated with the content of cell wall components and negatively correlated with fruit cracking rate.Prior to fruit maturity,the water-soluble pectin,covalently bound pectin,and ion-bound pectin content decreased in the pericarp of the anti-cracking and easy cracking varieties,the ion-bound pectin,covalently bound pectin content,and cellulose content decreased in the pulp

关 键 词：枣 裂果 细胞壁结构物质 细胞壁代谢酶 

分 类 号：S665.1[农业科学—果树学]