石榴可育花与功能性雄花花粉特性研究  

A study on pollen characteristics of bisexual and functionally male flowers in pomegranate

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作  者:段书云 陈利娜[1,2,3] 朱娟丽 刘锐涛 李好先[1,3] 严琼 李松开 杨庆华 鲁振华[1,2,3] DUAN Shuyun;CHEN Lina;ZHU Juanli;LIU Ruitao;LI Haoxian;YAN Qiong;LI Songkai;YANG Qinghua;LU Zhenhua(Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhengzhou 450009,Henan,China;Central Plains Research Center,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Xinxiang 45300,Henan,China;National Academy of Nanfan,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Sanya 57200,Hainan,China;Mengzi Fruit and Vegetable Technology Promotion Station,Mengzi 661100,Yunnan,China)

机构地区:[1]中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所,郑州450009 [2]中国农业科学院中原研究中心,河南新乡453000 [3]中国农业科学院南繁国家研究院,三亚572000 [4]蒙自市果蔬技术推广站,云南蒙自661100

出  处:《果树学报》2025年第4期853-863,共11页Journal of Fruit Science

基  金:国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1600800);中国农业科学院科技创新工程(CAAS-ASTIP-2024-ZFRI)。

摘  要:【目的】评估不同石榴品种花型选择、花粉保存条件以及不同蔗糖培养浓度对花粉萌发的影响,为石榴遗传育种提供理论参考。【方法】以6个石榴品种为试验材料,利用花粉离体萌发培养法,探讨了可育花与功能性雄花中花药数量、单粒花药出粉率及花粉萌发率等方面的差异,并分析了不同培养与保存条件对花粉萌发率的影响。【结果】中石榴4号在250 g·L^(-1)(81.5%)和300 g·L^(-1)(83.5%)蔗糖浓度下花粉萌发率无显著差异;可育花中,土库曼斯坦雄蕊数目显著低于酸美人、慕乐、天使红、中石榴4号和华光(p<0.05);同一品种可育花与功能性雄花雄蕊数目无显著差异;可育花单粒花药出粉量(31~48)显著低于功能性雄花(85~91),但其花粉萌发率(90%~93%)显著高于功能性雄花(41%~43%),花粉管生长速度高于功能性雄花;天使红花粉萌发率最高为93.3%;与功能性雄花相比,可育花柱头附着花粉量大,且花粉管伸长正常,授粉36 h后花粉管大量伸入花柱;-20℃贮藏条件下的花粉萌发率显著高于4℃和25℃。【结论】可育花花药出粉量低,花粉萌发率及花粉管生长显著优于功能性雄花;花粉与柱头相互作用需36 h来保证花粉萌发质量,-20℃贮藏利于花粉活力保持,研究结果为石榴遗传育种的花粉选择与保存策略提供了科学依据。【Objective】Pollen is the genetic carrier of the male parent in plant sexual reproduction.Pollen germination on the stigma of female flower and fertilization is the prerequisite for successful reproduction for plants.Therefore,the determination of pollen morphological differences is the basis for plant hybridization and breeding.According to morphology,pomegranate flowers are divided into two types:bisexual flowers and functional male flowers.Bisexual flowers,also known as“tubular flowers”,have normal pistil and eventually develop into fruit.Functional male flowers,which also known as“bell-shaped flowers”,have aborted pistil and will fall off eventually.Pollen characteristics plays a critical role in pomegranate production,influencing the fruit sets.The objectives of this study were to explore the effects of anther quality and different culture conditions on pollen germination rate of bisexual flowers and functionally male flowers in different pomegranate varieties,which will provide reference for pollen selection and preservation for pomegranate breeding.【Methods】Pollen samples were collected from the National Horticultural Germplasm Resource Center.The number of anthers of bisexual flowers and functionally male flowers were collected in cultivars including Suanmeiren,Mollar,Tianshihong,Zhongshiliu 4,Huaguang and Turkmenistan.On June 8th,2022,at the initial period of the flowering,50 flower buds of uniform size that were about to open were selected and sampled.The anthers were peeled in a dry carton indoors and the filaments were removed.They were put in a place at room temperature with dark ventilation to allow cracking of the anthers.The pollen grains were completely released and packed into a dry small glass bottle and sealed for later analyses.Anther quality and pollen germination rate of bisexual flowers and functionally male flowers of different pomegranate varieties were analyzed.The differences in anther number,single anther yield,stigma,pollen tube and pollen germination rate between bise

关 键 词:石榴 可育花 功能性雄花 形态观察 花粉萌发率 

分 类 号:S665.4[农业科学—果树学]

 

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