双断根嫁接对西瓜苗根系生长、内源激素含量及营养元素吸收的影响  

Effects of double-root-cutting grafting on root growth,endogenous hormone content and nutrient uptake in watermelon seedlings

作　　者：梁欢 刘柯 葛米红 祝菊红 王德欢 张昭阳 周谟兵 胡江勇 施先锋 LIANG Huan;LIU Ke;GE Mihong;ZHU Juhong;WANG Dehuan;ZHANG Zhaoyang;ZHOUMobing;HU Jiangyong;SHI Xianfeng(Institute of Crop,Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Wuhan 430345,Hubei,China;Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,Hubei,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉市农业科学院作物研究所,武汉430345 [2]华中农业大学,武汉430070

出　　处：《果树学报》2025年第4期864-873,共10页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：湖北省重点研发计划(2023BBB033);武汉市科技计划项目(2023110201030690);武汉市知识创新专项曙光项目(2022020801020418)。

摘　　要：【目的】双断根嫁接是目前瓜类嫁接机常采用的嫁接方式。研究双断根嫁接对西瓜苗根系生长、激素含量及营养元素吸收的影响,为双断根西瓜嫁接苗水肥管理提供理论指导,同时为机械化嫁接技术的推广提供技术支持。【方法】以西瓜品种早佳84-24为接穗,南瓜品种砧壮为砧木,采用单子叶贴接法嫁接,设砧木不断根常规嫁接和双断根嫁接2个处理,测定并分析嫁接苗根系形态、根系活力、激素含量以及根系和地上部矿质元素含量等的差异。【结果】双断根嫁接使西瓜苗根直径增粗,而根长、根表面积、根体积、根尖数、根鲜质量和根干质量等显著减少;在嫁接后18 d,西瓜双断根嫁接苗的散坨率符合移栽标准,比砧木不断根常规嫁接推迟了6 d;西瓜双断根嫁接苗根系活力在嫁接初期(嫁接后12 d)显著增大,与对照相比增大了34.0%,后期无显著差异。西瓜双断根嫁接苗根系吲哚乙酸(IAA)、细胞分裂素(CTK)和乙烯(ETH)含量升高,而GA和ABA含量降低。西瓜双断根嫁接苗茎叶和根N、P、K、Fe、Mg、B含量均表现出一定程度的增加,但Ca含量均显著降低。【结论】西瓜双断根嫁接苗根系活力增强和根直径增粗,但根量不足导致易散坨,在嫁接后18 d才能达到移栽标准,比不断根推迟6 d。双断根促进N、P、K、Fe、Mg、B的吸收,但Ca的吸收减少。【Objective】Grafting has many advantages,such as increasing yield,improving nutrition and water uptake,and raising resistance to soil-borne diseases and damage caused by biotic or abiotic stressors.It has become a common practice in watermelon.Although the utilization of watermelon grafting has been steadily increasing over time and 95%of commercial watermelon productions actually rely on it in some regions of the world,the higher cost of grafted watermelon transplants is still one of the primary factors limiting application in regions with medium and large-scale production.The labor-efficient automation of grafting has been recognized as a key factor in the wider adoption of grafting.In growing cucurbits,the root-one-cotyledon-removing grafting method is the most commonly used with grafting machines.For root-cutting-one-cotyledon grafting method,root development is an important factor for seedling quality.Because acquiring strong roots is the main purpose for grafting,it is important to understand the root development of grafted seedlings.However,there is little information on the root growth of root-cutting grafted seedlings.In order to apply this grafting technology efficiently,the influence of root-cutting grafting on the root growth and mineral nutrient absorption of watermelon seedlings was studied.【Methods】The watermelon variety Zaojia 84-24 was used as the scion,and the pumpkin variety Zhenzhuang was used as the rootstock.The scion and rootstock seeds were respectively sown into 98-and 72-cell trays with one seed in one cell filled with mixed seedling substrate(peat moss and pearlite at a volume ratio of 3∶1).The seeds of rootstock and scion were sown on the same day to meet the requirements for grafting experiments.The plants were cultivated in an artificial chamber with a day/night(12 h/12 h)cycle at 28℃/18℃with 60%-80%relative humidity.Grafting was performed after the first true leaf developed on the rootstock and scion at 10th day after sowing.When grafting,the seedlings were divided into

关 键 词：西瓜嫁接苗 双断根 根系生长 激素含量 营养元素吸收 

分 类 号：S651[农业科学—果树学]