TA5钛合金激光与电子束焊接组织及性能对比研究  

Comparative Study on Microstructure and Properties of Laser and Electron Beam Welding of TA5 Titanium Alloy

作　　者：雷小伟[1] 廖志谦[1] 吕逸帆 高福洋[1] 刘希林[1] 吴浩然 李渤渤 马照伟 郝健 袁飞 LEI Xiaowei;LIAO Zhiqian;LYU Yifan;GAO Fuyang;LIU Xilin;WU Haoran;LI Bobo;MA Zhaowei;HAO Jian;YUAN Fei(Luoyang Ship Material Research Institute,Luoyang 471023,China;Institute of Materials,Henan Academy of Sciences,Zhengzhou 450046,China;Luoyang Sunrui Titanium Precision Casting Co.,Ltd.,Luoyang 471023,China;China Ship Development and Design Center,Shanghai 201108,China;Jiangnan Shipyard(Group)Co.,Ltd.,Shanghai 201913,China)

机构地区：[1]洛阳船舶材料研究所(中国船舶集团有限公司第七二五研究所),河南洛阳471023 [2]河南省科学院材料研究所,河南郑州450046 [3]洛阳双瑞精铸钛业有限公司,河南洛阳471023 [4]中国舰船研究设计中心,上海201108 [5]江南造船(集团)有限责任公司,上海201913

出　　处：《热加工工艺》2025年第6期153-158,共6页Hot Working Technology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFC2800503)。

摘　　要：采用10 mm厚TA5钛合金,进行大功率光纤激光“匙孔”焊接及高压电子束焊接工艺研究。结果表明,激光和电子束焊接均可得到成型优良的“匙孔”接头,电子束焊接线能量密度更高。两种工艺均可实现焊缝正面光滑成型,但焊缝背部成型激光焊接更优。两种工艺均实现了深宽比>2∶1的高能束形貌焊缝截面,电子束深宽比更大。激光焊焊缝区形貌为典型的“束腰”形,而电子束焊缝区为典型的“I”形貌。通过ABAQUS仿真,印证了两种焊接方法焊缝截面形态的差异。两种焊缝区柱状晶区明显,各原始β柱状晶区为典型的的竞争生长模式,焊缝区主要为典型α型钛合金焊缝形貌,即锯齿状α混合点状β。两种工艺焊接焊缝的射线检测和渗透检测均满足无损检测标准要求。激光焊接和电子束焊接头强度分别达到800、700 MPa以上,两种工艺弯曲测试能够满足标准。硬度检测显示,焊缝区硬度略有升高,但完全能够满足钛合金焊接接头硬度变化范围的标准要求。The high-power fiber laser"keyhole"welding and high-pressure electron beam welding processes were studied by using 10 mm thick TA5 titanium alloy.The results show that both laser and electron beam welding can produce well-formed"keyhole"joints,with electron beam welding offering a higher energy density.Both processes achieve smooth surface formation on the front of the weld,but laser welding produces a superior backside formation.Both processes result in high energy beam weld cross-sections with a high aspect ratio greater than 2∶1,with electron beam welding having an even larger aspect ratio.The laser weld bead exhibits a typical"neck"morphology,while the electron beam weld bead presents a typical"I"shape.The simulation results using ABAQUS confirm the differences in weld cross-sectional morphology between the two processes.Both weld zones show distinct columnar grain structures,with the original β columnar grains growing in a typical competitive manner.The weld zone mainly exhibits a typical α-type titanium alloy weld morphology,characterized by serrated α-mixed and spot β phases.X-ray and penetrant tests on the welds for both processes meet the non-destructive testing standards.The tensile strength of the laser and electron beam welded joints reaches over 800 MPa and 700 MPa,respectively,and both processes satisfy the bending test standards.The hardness testing shows a slight increase in hardness in the weld zone,but the values fully meet the standard requirements for titanium alloy welded joints'hardness variation.

关 键 词：TA5钛合金 激光焊接 电子束焊接 

分 类 号：TG457.19[金属学及工艺—焊接] TG456