新能源车辆跨临界CO_(2)热泵空调系统主要性能提升方法对比  

Comparative Study on the Main Performance Improvement Methods of Transcritical CO_(2)Heat Pump Air-Conditioning System for New Energy Vehicles

作　　者：杨梦莹 丁静雯 谢宏生 宋昱龙 曹锋[1] 戴向阳 Yang Mengying;Ding Jingwen;Xie Hongsheng;Song Yulong;Cao Feng;Dai Xiangyang(School of Energy and Power Engineering,Xi′an Jiaotong University,Xi′an,710049,China;China Automotive Technology&Research Center Co.,Ltd.,Tianjin,300300,China;Shenzhen Envicool Technology Co.,Ltd.,Shenzhen,518110,China)

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学能源与动力工程学院,西安710049 [2]中国汽车技术研究中心有限公司,天津300300 [3]深圳市英维克科技股份有限公司,深圳518110

出　　处：《制冷学报》2025年第2期28-37,共10页Journal of Refrigeration

基　　金：广东省重点领域研发计划项目(2023B0909050005);中汽中心“科技专项002”项目(22240577-1);“面向比亚迪汽车工业有限公司系统仿真场景的MBSE软件攻关项目”(2022GG037)资助。

摘　　要：为了提升新能源车辆跨临界CO_(2)热泵空调系统的性能,针对回热器、膨胀机、涡流管、喷射器和多蒸发温度补气5种技术方法,采用一维理论计算,在新能源车辆运行工况下得到各系统性能并进行对比。结果表明:采用不同性能提升方法的系统均需考虑排气压力的优化,制冷模式下系统COP均得到一定程度提升。膨胀机在综合工况下具有最佳效果,喷射器在设计工况下表现良好,回热器在制冷模式下效果明显,涡流管和多蒸发温度补气全工况适应性较好。结果可为各个性能提升方法的实际工程应用提供一定参考,促进跨临界CO_(2)热泵空调系统的推广应用。Transcritical CO_(2)heat pump air-conditioning systems have gained prominence in new energy vehicle thermal management due to their energy-saving and environmentally friendly characteristics.However,the relatively low coefficient of performance(COP)in cooling mode remains a significant obstacle to developing transcritical CO_(2)heat pump air conditioning systems.To enhance system performance,five technical approaches are proposed:internal heat exchangers(IHX),expanders,vortex tubes,ejectors,and combined multiple evaporation steps with vapor injection.The performances of these methods were evaluated through one-dimensional theoretical calculations under vehicle operating conditions.Results indicate that optimizing discharge pressure is critical for all methods,with varying degrees of COP improvement.Expanders provide the most comprehensive benefits,ejectors perform well under specific design conditions,IHX shows notable enhancements in cooling mode,and vortex tubes and combined multiple evaporation steps with vapor injection exhibit broad adaptability across working conditions.These findings offer valuable insights for practical engineering applications and support the adoption of transcritical CO_(2)heat pump systems in new energy vehicles.

关 键 词：新能源车辆 跨临界CO_(2) 热泵空调系统 性能提升方法 

分 类 号：TB611[一般工业技术—制冷工程] TB653[机械工程—车辆工程] U469.7[交通运输工程—载运工具运用工程]