氦节流制冷机耦合大热容负载快速降温特性  

Rapid Cooling Characteristics of Load with Large Heat Capacity in Joule-Thomson Refrigerator Using Helium

作　　者：江天舒 陈志超 刘少帅[2,3] 卢李昊 蒋珍华 吴亦农[1,2,3] Jiang Tianshu;Chen Zhichao;Liu Shaoshuai;Lu Lihao;Jiang Zhenhua;Wu Yinong(School of Information Science and Technology,ShanghaiTech University,Shanghai,200031,China;Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai,200083,China;University of Chinese Academy of Science,Beijing,100049,China)

机构地区：[1]上海科技大学信息科学与技术学院,上海200031 [2]中国科学院上海技术物理研究所,上海200083 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《制冷学报》2025年第2期59-66,共8页Journal of Refrigeration

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51806231)资助项目。

摘　　要：氦节流制冷技术是空间液氦温区的主流制冷技术之一,制冷机耦合大热容负载的快速降温研究对大热容载荷的高效工作具有重要研究意义。为了明晰不同快速降温方案下氦节流制冷机的降温特性,基于GM预冷氦节流制冷机开展了不同热容负载下,无附加措施降温方案、室温阀旁通方案及热开关方案的降温实验研究。实验结果表明:无热容负载下降温时间分别为39.8、20.5、19 h;基于热力学和传热学理论,定量分析了无热容负载降温过程中辐射项、对流项、导热项及节流源项的变化规律,阐明了不同方案下氦节流制冷机降温时间差异的原因。耦合0.136 kg铜的模拟负载时,采用室温阀旁通和热开关降温方案,降温时间分别为25.5 h和20 h。实验结果表明:对于小热容负载降温,热开关与室温阀旁通方案的降温效果基本一致;对于大热容负载降温,热开关降温具有显著优势。Helium throttling refrigeration technology is a key cooling method used in liquid helium temperature zones in space.Research on the rapid cooling of chillers coupled with large heat capacity loads is important for the efficient operation of large heat capacity loads.To clarify the cooling characteristics of helium throttling chillers under different rapid cooling schemes,cooling experiments with no additional measures scheme,room-temperature valve bypass scheme,and thermal switch scheme were conducted based on GM pre-cooled helium Joule-Thomson chillers under different heat capacity loads.The experimental results show that the load-free pull-down times of the three schemes were 39.8 h,20.5 h,and 19 h,respectively.Based on thermodynamics and heat transfer theories,the changes in the radiation,convection,heat conduction,and throttling source terms during no-load cooling were quantitatively analyzed,and the reasons for the difference in cooling time of helium throttling chillers under different schemes were explained.With a simulated load of 0.136 kg of copper,schemes of the room-temperature valve bypass and hot switch were adopted,and the corresponding cooling times were 25.5 h and 20 h,respectively.The experimental results show that the cooling effects of the thermal switch and room-temperature valve bypass scheme are essentially the same for the cooling of a small heat capacity load.Therefore,thermal switch cooling has significant advantages for large-heat-capacity load cooling.

关 键 词：氦节流制冷机 快速降温 大热容负载 热开关 旁通 

分 类 号：TB611[一般工业技术—制冷工程] TB651TB69