德国双元制高等教育的发展特征、影响因素及发展前景  

Development characteristics,influencing factors and development prospects of dual higher education in Germany

作　　者：徐理勤 XU Liqin(Research Institute for Chinese and German Application-Oriented Universities,Zhejiang University of Science and Technology,Hangzhou 310023,Zhejiang,China;Research Center for German-Speaking Countries,Zhejiang University of Science and Technology,Hangzhou 310023,Zhejiang,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江科技大学中德应用型大学研究院,杭州310023 [2]浙江科技大学德语国家研究中心,杭州310023

出　　处：《浙江科技大学学报》2025年第2期100-109,共10页Journal of Zhejiang University of Science and Technology

基　　金：浙江省“十四五”第二批本科和研究生省级教学改革项目(JGBA2024342);浙江省高校重大人文社科攻关计划项目(2024QN130)。

摘　　要：作为德国高等教育政策领域的创新举措,双元制高等教育的出现深刻地改变了德国高等教育景观,改变着深受洪堡教育思想影响的德国高等教育理念。在五十年的发展历程中,双元制高等教育呈现出规模化、标准化、类型化、多样化、品牌化和国际化的发展特征。产业经济结构转型升级推动下的职业学术化进程、高等教育普及化背景下的高等教育差异化发展及对工业技术文化的广泛认同,构成了双元制高等教育快速发展的底层逻辑,企业、学生、高校三者的互利共赢则满足了这一模式快速发展的现实需求,同时双元制高等教育的继续发展也面临着内外部挑战。展望未来,双元制高等教育从办学规模、专业领域、办学层次、质量保障、治理体系和国际化等方面将继续呈现良好的发展前景。其发展对我国高等教育改革,特别是产教融合、科教融汇和职普融通方面的改革,有借鉴意义。As an innovative initiative in the field of German higher education policy,the emergence of dual higher education has profoundly transformed the landscape of German higher education and reshaped the concept of German higher education which is deeply influenced by Humboldt\s educational philosophy.Over its fifty-year evolution,dual higher education has been presenting development characteristics:scaling,standardization,typification,diversification,branding,and internationalization.The academicization process of professions driven by the transformation and upgrading of the industry-economic structure,the differentiated development of higher education in the context of popularization of higher education,and the broad recognition of industry-technological culture constitute the underlying logic for the rapid development of dual higher education.The mutually beneficial outcomes among enterprises,students and universities meet the realistic needs for the rapid growth of this model.Meanwhile,its continued development also faces internal and external challenges.Looking ahead,dual higher education is expected to continue showing promising development prospects in terms of university-running scale,specialized fields,university-running levels,quality assurance,governance systems,and internationalization.Its development provides valuable insights for China\s higher education reform,particularly in integration of industry and education,synergy of science and education,and bridging vocational and general education.

关 键 词：德国 双元制高等教育 发展特征 影响因素 发展前景 

分 类 号：G649.516[文化科学—高等教育学]