新能源汽车绿色发展效率测度及其影响因素研究  

Research on measurement of green development efficiency of new energy vehicles and its influencing factors

作　　者：张松艳 徐受康 黄雅 ZHANG Songyan;XU Shoukang;HUANG Ya(School of Economics and Management,Zhejiang University of Science and Technology,Hangzhou 310023,Zhejiang,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江科技大学经济与管理学院,杭州310023

出　　处：《浙江科技大学学报》2025年第2期133-143,共11页Journal of Zhejiang University of Science and Technology

摘　　要：近年来中国新能源汽车产业迅速发展,新能源汽车未来发展的关键在于提升绿色发展效率这一核心指标。为测度中国新能源汽车绿色发展效率,考虑非期望产出,运用超效率松弛型测度(slacks-based measure,SBM)模型和Malmquist全要素生产率指数模型,对2018—2023年中国15家生产新能源汽车的企业进行新能源汽车绿色发展效率静态测度和动态分析;同时,运用Tobit回归模型对新能源汽车绿色发展效率进行影响因素分析。结果表明:中国新能源汽车绿色发展效率整体水平不高,呈现“上升—下降—上升”的N形变化趋势;传统车企绿色发展效率整体水平较高且趋势较平稳,而新势力车企绿色发展效率整体水平较低且波动较大;各车企之间绿色发展效率差距较为明显;全要素生产率整体水平有所提升,技术进步指数提升较为明显,技术效率指数却略微下降;车企绩效水平、资金周转能力和技术水平对绿色发展效率有显著影响,企业规模和股权集中度对绿色发展效率无显著影响。本研究成果可为中国新能源汽车未来绿色高效转型升级和可持续发展提供可行性建议。In recent years,China\s new energy vehicle(NEV)industry has developed rapidly.The key to the future development of new energy vehicles is to improve green development efficiencya core index.In order to measure the green development efficiency of China\s NEVs,while considering undesirable output,the super-efficient SBM(slacks-based measure)model and the Malmquist total factor productivity index model were employed to conduct static measurement and dynamic analysis of the green development efficiency of NEVs for 15 Chinese NEV manufacturers from 2018 to 2023;additionally,the Tobit regression model was applied to analyze the influencing factors of the green development efficiency of NEVs.The results show that China\s NEV green development efficiency remains at a moderate overall level,exhibiting an N-shaped fluctuation trend of“rise-decline-rise”;traditional automakers demonstrate relatively higher and more stable green development efficiency,while start-up automakers show lower green development efficiency with greater volatility;a significant gap in green development efficiency pervades different automakers;the total factor productivity has improved overall with notable advancement in the technical progress index,but the technical efficiency index has decreased slightly;the corporate performance level,capital turnover ability and technology level of automakers have a significant impact on green development efficiency,while enterprise scale and ownership concentration show no significant impact on green development efficiency.The results of this study can provide feasible suggestions for the future eco-efficient transition and sustainable development of China\s NEVs.

关 键 词：新能源汽车 超效率SBM模型 MALMQUIST指数 绿色发展效率 TOBIT回归模型 

分 类 号：F426.471[经济管理—产业经济]