云南松蠹害木不同器官生物炭的理化性质差异研究  

Variations in Physicochemical Properties of Biochar Derived from Different Organs of Pinus yunnanensis Infested by Tomicus yunnanensis Kirkendall and Faccoli

作　　者：胡青 杨旭 彭明俊 肖良俊 杨刚 HU Qing;YANG Xu;PENG Mingjun;XIAO Liangjun;YANG Gang(Yunnan Academy of Forestry and Grassland Sciences,Kunming Yunnan 650201,P.R.China;National Location Observation and Research Station for Central Yunnan Plateau Forest Ecosystem,Kunming Yunnan 650201,P.R.China;Central Yunnan Plateau Forest Ecosystem Observation and Research Station of Yunnan Province,Kunming Yunnan 650201,P.R.China;Southwest Forestry University,Kunming Yunnan 650224,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]云南省林业和草原科学院,云南昆明650201 [2]云南滇中高原森林生态系统国家定位观测研究站,云南昆明650201 [3]滇中高原森林生态系统云南省野外科学观测研究站,云南昆明650201 [4]西南林业大学,云南昆明650224

出　　处：《西部林业科学》2025年第2期58-66,88,共10页Journal of West China Forestry Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金地区科学基金项目(32060265);云南省科技厅高层次科技人才及创新团队选拔专项“技术创新人才培养对象项目”(202205AD160016,202405AD350007);云南省科技厅科技人才与平台计划项目(202405AM340001)。

摘　　要：云南松长期遭受切梢小蠹的危害,森林中产生了大量的林业废弃物。为实现云南松蠹害木林业废弃物的高值化利用,分别以云南松蠹害木的树干、树枝、树皮、树叶(小麦秸秆、毛竹为对照)为原材料,于300、500、700℃热解温度下制备生物炭,并利用元素分析仪、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、扫描电镜(SEM)等对生物炭进行表征,探究云南松蠹害木不同器官生物炭的理化性质差异,同时为云南松蠹害木林业废弃物土壤改良提供科学参考。结果显示:随着热解温度的升高,云南松蠹害木不同器官生物炭与对照生物炭相比:pH值、灰分含量升高,产率下降;C含量升高,H/C比值减少;纤维素含量、半纤维素含量和木质素含量减小;比表面积和总孔容随温度的升高而增大,平均孔径减小;生物炭的醇、酚-OH、脂肪性C-H、羰基减弱。具有较高pH值的500℃树叶生物炭和700℃树叶生物炭可以用于酸性土壤的改良;具有较高的总C含量和高芳香饱和度的树干生物炭可以用于提高土壤的含碳量。综合考虑低产率的制约、生物炭质量和制备生物炭中的制备成本,本研究结果表明:云南松蠹害木生物炭优于小麦秸秆、毛竹。Pinus yunnanensis has been severely harmed by Tomicus yunnanensis Kirkendall and Faccoli infestations,generating substantial forestry waste.To achieve high value utilization use of this waste,biochar was produced from various components of Yunnan pine wood infested by T.yunnanensis Kirkendall and Faccoli(trunks,branches,barks,and leaves),as well as from wheat straw and moso bamboo,at pyrolysis temperatures of 300,500℃and 700℃.The physicochemical properties of the biochar were analyzed using an elemental analyzer,Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),and scanning electron microscopy(SEM)to probe into the variations in physicochemical properties of biochar derived from different parts of P.yunnanensis infested by T.yunnanensis Kirkendall and Faccoli at different pyrolysis temperatures,thus offering scientific insights for the soil improvement of forestry waste.The results revealed that as pyrolysis temperature increased,the pH and ash content of biochar from all sources(infested P.yunnanensis organs,wheat straw,and moso bamboo)increased,while biochar yield decreased.Besides,Carbon(C)content rose,whereas oxygen(O)and hydrogen(H)contents declined.Additionally,the ratios of H/C decreased,as did the contents of cellulose,hemicellulose,and lignin.Also,the specific surface area and total pore volume of all biochar types increased with temperature,while the average pore diameter decreased.Furthermore,functional groups such as alcohol/phenol-OH,aliphatic C-H,and carbonyl groups weakened progressively with increasing temperature.Biochar produced from leaves at 500℃and 700℃,with its higher pH,is suitable for improving acidic soils.On the other hand,trunk-derived biochar,which has a high total carbon content and aromatic saturation,is ideal for increasing soil carbon levels.Considering factors such as low yield,biochar quality,and production costs,this study finds that biochar made from P.yunnanensis infested by T.yunnanensis Kirkendall and Faccoli is more advantageous compared to biochar from wheat straw and

关 键 词：云南松切梢小蠹 外源碳物质 林业废弃物 生物炭 理化性质 制备原料 热解温度 

分 类 号：S714[农业科学—林学] TK6[动力工程及工程热物理—生物能]