生成式大模型沿人工智能价值链的风险共治  

Risk Co-Governance of Large Generative Models along the AI Value Chain

作　　者：刘金瑞[1] LIU Jinrui(Institute of Rule of Law,China Law Society,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]中国法学会法治研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《西安交通大学学报(社会科学版)》2025年第2期89-98,共10页Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University:Social Sciences

基　　金：中国法学会部级法学研究课题[CLS(2024)C17]。

摘　　要：大模型技术是驱动生成式人工智能价值链的核心,其开发部署引发的风险存在于整个价值链之中,治理大模型风险必须依靠沿价值链上下游利益相关者的协同共治。目前立法探索不足以充分应对大模型带来的全链条风险:欧盟《人工智能法》就通用目的人工智能模型设定了双层累进式的义务体系,但将评估和缓解整个价值链风险的重任赋予具有系统性风险的通用目的人工智能模型的提供者;中国出台专门办法侧重规制生成式人工智能服务提供者,但对大模型本身的风险管控有限。实现大模型沿人工智能价值链的风险共治,需基于利益相关者在价值链中的角色和能力,建立大模型风险治理的多方协同机制。具体而言,应明确大模型提供者的信息提供义务,建立大模型部署高风险用途时多方风险共评机制,确立基于大模型的人工智能系统的透明度制度,健全大模型风险监测和风险处置的共治机制。Since the release of ChatGPT in 2022,large models have set off a new wave of generative AI development and opened the prelude to the journey towards artificial general intelligence(AGI).Since large models drive the generative AI value chain,and the risks of their upstream training are transmitted downstream,their downstream deployment also trigger a series of risks,the risks they cause exist throughout the entire AI value chain.Governing large models risks must rely on the co-governance of stakeholders upstream and downstream along the AI value chain,which include providers and deployers of large models,and providers,users and affected persons of AI systems based on large models.These stakeholders have complex dependencies and different levels of control over large models and the AI systems based on them,which jointly determine the risk assessment and response of large models.The EU and China are at the forefront in exploring legislation for large models,and have already formulated some provisions for risk governance of large models along the AI value chain.But such provisions at present only focus on regulating stakeholders in a certain link of the AI value chain,which are not enough to fully deal with the risks of the entire chain brought by large models.The EU Artificial Intelligence Act sets a two-tier progressive obligation system for general-purpose AI models,and regulates general-purpose AI systems based on risk classification,but only assigns the responsibility of assessing and mitigating risks of the entire value chain to upstream providers of general-purpose AI models with systemic risk.China recently issued the Interim Measures for the Administration of Generative Artificial Intelligence Services.This legislation mainly regulates generative artificial intelligence service providers downstream of the value chain,but does not regulate pure providers of large models,so it only has a limited control of the risks of large models.To fully address the risks of large models,it is necessary to further explore l

关 键 词：生成式人工智能 大模型 价值链 利益相关者 风险规制 人工智能法治 

分 类 号：D912.1[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学] TP18[政治法律—法学]