企业向政府共享数据的制度窘境、理论跃升与优化革新  

The Institutional Challenges,Theoretical Advancements,and Optimization Reforms of Business-to-Government Data Sharing

作　　者：胡元聪[1] 徐媛 HU Yuancong;XU Yuan(Economic Law School,Southwest University of Political Science and Law,Chongqing 401120,China;School of Artificial Intelligence and Law,Southwest University of Political Science and Law,Chongqing 401120,China)

机构地区：[1]西南政法大学经济法学院,重庆401120 [2]西南政法大学人工智能法学院,重庆401120

出　　处：《西安交通大学学报(社会科学版)》2025年第2期139-150,共12页Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University:Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目(21AFX021);重庆市社会科学规划英才计划项目(2024YC040);西南政法大学研究生科研创新项目(2019XZXS-104)。

摘　　要：企业向政府共享数据能够让企业的数据经由政府与各个行业相结合,充分发挥数据要素协同优化、复用增效、融合创新的作用,最终释放出数据要素的乘数效应,促进新质生产力的发展。针对当前企业向政府共享数据的制度窘境,其优化革新应当重新审视数据产权上的“公”“私”关系,以公共物品理论、利他主义理论、企业社会责任理论以及社会本位理论为理论基础并实现理论跃升。在共享适用范围方面,应当明确共享适用主体范围和共享适用内容范围;在共享依托方式方面,应当创设无偿共享的依托方式和有偿共享的依托方式;在共享应循程序方面,应当健全共享启动程序、共享提供程序、共享接收程序和共享监督程序;在共享法律责任方面,应当完善共享民事责任和共享行政责任,以优化企业向政府共享数据的制度体系,从而充分释放数据要素价值,为数字中国建设注入强势动能。Business-to-government data sharing enables enterprises to integrate their data with various sectors through governmental channels,maximizing synergies in data elements for collaborative optimization,efficiency gains through reuse,and fostering innovative integration.Ultimately,this unleashes a multiplier effect of data elements,stimulating the emergence of new quality productive forces.Currently,both domestically and internationally,there is a lack of a comprehensive theoretical and institutional framework addressing the issue of business-to-government data sharing in legislative practices and academic research.However,given the advancing stages of the digital economy,there is an urgent need for institutional innovations to fulfill the developmental requirements of the business-to-government data sharing system.Business-to-government data sharing constitutes a pivotal component of China’s comprehensive strategy for data interconnection and interoperability,playing a crucial role in shaping a novel governance framework for diverse and collaborative participation in the digital economy.In response to the current institutional challenges of business-to-government data sharing,its optimization and innovation should involve a re-examination of the“public”and“private”dynamics of data ownership.Grounded in theories such as public goods,altruism,corporate social responsibility,and social centrism,these efforts aim to advance theoretical perspectives and achieve a theoretical leap.Furthermore,efforts should focus on clearly defining the scope of application,exploring reliance methods,establishing robust procedural norms,and enhancing legal responsibilities.These actions are essential to strengthening the institutional framework of business-to-government data sharing,thereby fully unleashing the value of data elements.Specifically,regarding the clarification of the scope of sharing,it is necessary to define the entities eligible for sharing and the specific content applicable for sharing.In exploring reliance me

关 键 词：数字中国 数字政府 企业数据 数据共享 政企合作 数据要素 

分 类 号：D63[政治法律—政治学] D922.16[政治法律—中外政治制度]