航空发动机用炭石墨密封材料的应用研究进展  

Research progress in application of carbon graphite sealing materials for aero-engine

作　　者：刘平 涂川俊[1] 宋延礼 吴新洲 陈建 何雨波 刘艳丽[1] LIU Ping;TU Chuanjun;SONG Yanli;WU Xinzhou;CHEN Jian;HE Yubo;LIU Yanli(College of Materials Science and Engineering,Hunan University,Changsha 410082,China;Sichuan Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Special Carbon-Graphite Materials,Zigong Dong Xin Electric Carbon Company Limited,Zigong Sichuan 643000,China;Changjiang Engine Company Limited,Aero Engine Corporation of China,Yueyang Hunan 414100,China;College of Materials Science and Engineering,Sichuan University of Science and Engineering,Zigong Sichuan 643002,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南大学材料科学与工程学院,长沙410082 [2]自贡东新电碳股份有限公司四川省特种炭石墨材料工程技术研究中心,四川自贡643000 [3]中国航发长江发动机动力有限公司,湖南岳阳414100 [4]四川轻化工大学材料科学与工程学院,四川自贡643002

出　　处：《航空动力学报》2025年第2期304-320,共17页Journal of Aerospace Power

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51772081,52272042);中共四川省委军民融合关键核心技术自主可控攻关项目(JSYJ-0904-01);中国航发产学研合作项目(HFZL2018CXY003-4)。

摘　　要：针对航空发动机用炭石墨密封材料及封严技术,详细概述炭石墨密封材料在航空发动机封严系统中的典型应用场景、发展历程、失效模式、国内外研究现状和服役性能要求等,重点阐述其不同制备工艺存在的优劣,并为其未来发展方向提出建议。结果表明:炭石墨密封材料在航空发动机中应用较为普遍,国内自主研制炭石墨密封材料的物理性能与国外非常接近,部分指标甚至更为优异,基本满足了我国新一代高性能航空发动机的选材要求,重要型号已实现自主可控。但在长期服役过程中,部分国产炭石墨密封材料的批次稳定性、可加工性、均质性、高温抗氧化性、成膜性、摩擦因数、磨损率和服役寿命等与国外原装航空发动机用炭石墨密封材料仍存在一定差距。这主要归因于国产炭石墨密封材料未能实现结构-功能一体化的有效构建。Targeting the carbon graphite sealing materials and sealing technology for aero-engine,the typical application scenarios,development history,failure modes,research status at home and abroad,as well as the service performance requirements of carbon-graphite sealing materials in aero-engine sealing systems were described in detail.The advantages and disadvantages of its different preparation processes were emphasized,and suggestions were made for its future development direction. The results showed thatcarbon graphite sealing materials are widely used in aero engines. The physical properties of carbongraphite sealing materials independently developed in China were very close to those abroad, and someindicators were even better. They basically met the material selection requirements for China’s newgeneration of high-performance aero-engine, and important models achieved independent controllability.However, the batch stability, processability, homogeneity, high temperature oxidation resistance, filmformation, friction factor, wear rate and service life of some domestic carbon graphite sealing materialsstill had a certain gap with foreign original carbon graphite sealing materials for aircraft engines in theprocess of long-term service, mainly due to the failure of domestic carbon graphite sealing materials toachieve the effective construction of structure-function integration.

关 键 词：炭石墨密封材料 封严技术 失效模式 均质性 结构-功能一体化 

分 类 号：V254.2[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]