上古汉语“谁”标记的特指式反问句语用功能分析  

An Analysis on Pragmatic Functions of the Specific-type Rhetorical Questions Marked by“Shui”in Ancient Chinese

作　　者：李美妍[1] 李丹 Li Meiyan;Li Dan(Jilin University,Changchun,130012,China;Changchun Open University,Changchun,130012,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林大学,长春130012 [2]长春开放大学,长春130012

出　　处：《语言与文化研究》2025年第3期1-4,共4页Language and Culture Research

基　　金：吉林省教育厅科学研究项目“上古汉语反问句语用功能研究”(立项号:JJKH20231109SK)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：反问句不仅用于传递信息,还常常承载着说话人的情感和态度。通过对语料的调查后发现,对于上古汉语“谁”标记的特指式反问句,当说话者表达不满情绪时,往往会使用肯定式的反问句来强化并凸显这种情绪,进而衍生出批评或指责、忧虑、愤怒、怨恨、孤独无助等不同的语用功能;当说话者坚决肯定某一观点时,无论是赞赏、自信还是绝望,往往会使用否定式的反问句来达到双重否定的效果,说话者在使用时往往带有态度上的坚决和不容置疑,极易引起听话者的共鸣和认同。Rhetorical questions are not only used to convey information,but also often carry the speaker’s emotions and attitudes.After investigating the corpus,it is found that when speakers express dissatisfaction in the special-purpose rhetorical questions marked by“shui”in ancient Chinese,they tend to use positive rhetorical questions to strengthen and highlight such emotions,further deriving different pragmatic functions such as criticism or accusation,anxiety,anger,resentment,loneliness and helplessness.When speakers firmly affirm a certain view,whether it is appreciation,confidence,or despair,they tend to use negative rhetorical questions to achieve the effect of double negation.When using them,speakers often express a resolute and undeniable attitude,which is likely to evoke resonance and recognition from listeners.

关 键 词：特指式反问句 肯定 否定 语用功能 

分 类 号：H141[语言文字—汉语]