不同配置大豆玉米带状复合种植系统中各行作物的形态和产量  

Morphology and Yield of Crops in Different Rows Under Soybean and Maize Strip Compound Planting Systems

作　　者：卫欣茹 杨武杰 何昊晨 周长安 杨久涛 姚远 李明丽 刘鑫[1] WEI Xin-ru;YANG Wu-jie;HE Hao-chen(Shandong Agricultural University,Tai’an,Shandong 271018;Shandong Provincial Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Jinan,Shandong 250013)

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学,山东泰安271018 [2]山东省农业农村厅,山东济南250013

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2025年第7期9-14,共6页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划“黄淮玉米大豆复合种植丰产增效技术研发与集成示范”(2022YFD2300903);山东省农业重大技术协同推广计划“大豆单产提升关键技术集成与示范”(SDNYXTTG-2023-03)。

摘　　要：量化不同大豆玉米带状复合种植田间配置下各行大豆玉米植株形态及产量的变化规律,为选择合理配置提供依据。设置5个间作处理,分别是2S2M、4S2M、4S3M、6S2M、6S3M(数字代表行数,S表示大豆,M表示玉米),以单作大豆(SS)、单作玉米(SM)为对照,分析间作处理下各行作物植株形态、产量、土地当量比及经济效益。结果表明,不同配置大豆玉米复合种植模式各行大豆产量存在差异。6行大豆的配置与单作相比,大豆边行1(最边行)产量降低了53.20%,大豆边行2(次边行)产量降低了42.73%,大豆中间行产量降低了29.87%。4行大豆配置中,大豆边行较单作降低了56.18%,大豆中间行较单作降低了53.20%。6行大豆的配置较4行大豆的配置,大豆产量高1.20倍。不同配置大豆玉米复合种植模式各行玉米产量存在差异。2行玉米的配置每行玉米均具有边际效应,因此2行玉米的配置玉米产量与单作差异不显著(6S2M除外),3行玉米的配置每一行玉米产量均显著低于单作。6S2M虽然对大豆生长有利,大豆产量最高,但由于玉米株距太小,不利于玉米产量;2行大豆间作2行玉米的配置,玉米具有边行效应,产量最高,但大豆行数少,导致大豆产量显著低于其他配置。从土地当量比和经济效益来看,4行大豆间作2行玉米的配置,玉米与单作相比差异不显著,且大豆产量较高,为推荐配置。To quantify the changes in plant morphology and yield of soybean and maize in different field configurations and provide a basis for selecting configurations,this experiment set up five intercropping treatments,namely 2S2M,4S2M,4S3M,6S2M,and 6S3M(numbers represent rows,S represents soybeans,and M represents maize).Using monoculture soybeans(SS)and monoculture maize(SM)as controls,the plant morphology,yield of each row of crops,land equivalent ratio and economic benefits under intercropping treatments were analyzed.Results showed that there were differences in soybean yield among different rows of soybean maize composite planting modes with different configurations.Compared with monoculture,the configuration of 6 rows of soybeans resulted in a 53.20%decreased in yield for soybean row 1(the outermost row),a 42.73%decrease in yield for soybean row 2(the second row),and a 29.87%decreased in yield for soybean middle row.In the configuration of four rows of soybeans,the side row of soybeans decreased by 56.18%compared to monoculture,and the middle row of soybeans decreased by 53.20%compared to monoculture.Soybeans yields of the configuration of 6 rows were 1.20 times higher than the configuration of 4 rows of soybeans.There were differences in maize yield among different rows of soybean and maize compound planting modes with different configurations.The configuration of 2 rows of maize had marginal effects on each row of maize,so there was no significant difference in maize yield between the configuration of 2 rows of maize and monoculture(except for 6S2M),while the configuration of 3 rows of maize had significantly lower maize yield per row than monoculture.Although 6S2M was beneficial for soybean growth and had the highest soybean yield,the small spacing between maize plants was not conducive to maize yield;the configuration of intercropping two rows of soybeans with two rows of maize had a side row effect and the highest yield,but the number of soybean rows was small,resulting in significantly lower soybean yield th

关 键 词：大豆 玉米 间作 植株形态 产量 

分 类 号：S344[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]