盘州烟区上部烟叶不同采收时期对烟叶质量的影响  

The Influence of Different Harvesting Periods on the Quality of Upper Tobacco Leaves

作　　者：吴伟 赵培富 赵东 尚关兴 杨华 董均兴 顾勇 汪成勇 张铮 叶向阳 李建辉 周开油 WU Wei;ZHAO Pei-fu;ZHAO Dong(Panzhou Branch of Liupanshui Tobacco Company,Panzhou,Guizhou 553537)

机构地区：[1]六盘水市烟草公司盘州分公司,贵州盘州553537

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2025年第7期19-24,共6页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：贵州省烟草公司六盘水市公司科技项目经费基金“盘州优质上部烟叶定制化生产技术推广与应用”(LPS2022—02)。

摘　　要：通过设置C_(1)(常规采收)、C_(2)(推迟3 d采收)、C_(3)(推迟5 d采收)、C_(4)(推迟7 d采收)、C_(5)(推迟9 d采收)5个处理,在盘州地区3个烟叶站同步开展田间对比试验,研究不同采收时期对上部4片烟叶烤后质量及经济性状的影响。结果表明:推迟采收能改善上部4片烟叶外观质量,提高烤后烟叶等级质量和经济性状,增加总糖含量,降低烟碱含量,提高烟叶感官评吸质量,但推迟5 d后,随着采收期的延长,烤后烟叶外观质量和经济性状逐渐下降,化学成分协调性和感官评吸质量降低,以推迟5 d综合表现最佳;与常规采收相比,推迟5 d采收,外观质量得以明显改善(外观质量评分增幅达10.26%),明显降低烤后烟叶青烟比例(降幅54.24%)和杂色烟比例(降幅34.46%);提升烟叶均价1.04元/kg(增幅3.61%);增加上等烟比例8.76百分点(增幅19.62%);提高收入949.35元/hm^(2)(增幅8.33%);总糖含量增加1.81%(增幅7.39%);烟碱含量降低0.41%(降幅9.67%)。推迟3 d采收感官评吸质量得分最高。综合考虑经济性状、烟叶外观质量、化学成分、糖碱比及感官评吸评价质量等指标,盘州上部4片烟叶最适宜的采收时期应在正常成熟采收基础上推迟3~5 d。By setting up five treatments,C_(1)(conventional harvesting),C_(2)(delayed harvesting for 3 days),C_(3)(delayed harvesting for 5 days),C_(4)(delayed harvesting for 7 days),and C_(5)(delayed harvesting for 9 days),field comparative experiments were conducted simultaneously at three tobacco stations in Panzhou to study the effects of different harvesting periods on the quality and economic characteristics of the upper four tobacco leaves after curing.The results showed that delaying harvest could improve the appearance quality of the top four tobacco leaves,increase the grade quality and economic characteristics of the cured tobacco leaves,increase the total sugar content,reduce the nicotine content,and improve the sensory evaluation quality of the tobacco leaves.However,after delaying for 5 days,the appearance quality and economic characteristics of the cured tobacco leaves gradually decreased with the extension of harvest period,and the chemical composition coordination and sensory evaluation quality decreased.The best comprehensive performance was achieved by delaying for 5 days.Compared with conventional harvesting,delaying harvesting for 5 days resulted in a significant improvement in appearance quality(an increase of 10.26%in appearance quality score),and a significant reduction in the proportion of green tobacco leaves and variegated tobacco leaves after curing(a decrease of 54.24%and 34.46%,respectively);increase the average price of tobacco by 1.04 yuan/kg(an increase of 3.61%);increase the proportion of high-quality cigarettes by 8.76 percentage points(an increase of 19.62%);increase the income per mu by 63.29 yuan(an increase of 8.33%);the total sugar content increased by 1.81%(an increase of 7.39%);the nicotine content decreased by 0.41%(a decrease of 9.67%).Delaying harvesting for 3 days resulted in the highest sensory evaluation score.Taking into account economic characteristics,appearance quality of tobacco leaves,chemical composition,sugar alkali ratio,and sensory evaluation quality,the most suitabl

关 键 词：上部烟叶 采收时期 外观质量 等级质量 成熟度 

分 类 号：S572[农业科学—烟草工业]