1种新型苏云金杆菌以色列亚种沉降型颗粒剂的制备及其对红裸须摇蚊的防治研究  

The Preparation of Sedimentation Granules with Bacillus thuringrensis var.israelesis and Control Effect on Propsilocerus akamusi

作　　者：李洁 张淼 田娟娟 韩衍飞 吴晓辰 沈峰 刘文彬 LI Jie;ZHANG Miao;TIAN Juan-juan(Administrative Office of the Summer Palace,Beijing 100091)

机构地区：[1]北京市颐和园管理处,北京100091 [2]北京市西山试验林场管理处,北京100093 [3]天津师范大学生命科学学院/天津市动物多样性保护与利用重点实验室,天津300387

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2025年第7期75-79,85,共6页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：北京市公园管理中心科技新星项目(kjxx2021001)。

摘　　要：近年间摇蚊婚飞扰民现象频现,其幼虫“红虫”属于底栖动物,世界卫生组织及主要国家的水生昆虫防治经验表明:孳生地水源处理是根本的防治手段,而孳生地药剂处理是其重要的组成部分。苏云金杆菌以色列亚种[Bacillus thuringrensis var.israelesis](Bti)生物药剂已被证实能够用于摇蚊防控,但现有剂型难以迅速沉降作用于底泥,或沉降过程中已经被水溶解分散。以沸石粉为载体,采用湿法包衣制成Bti沉降型颗粒剂,该颗粒剂密度大易沉降。通过室内防治试验、模拟现场和现场试验,分别测定该颗粒剂对红裸须摇蚊(Propsilocerus akamusi)的防治效果。室内防治试验结果表明:生物活性单位为7000 ITU/mg和1200 ITU/mg 2种Bti沉降型颗粒剂均能起到很好的防治作用,但7000 ITU/mg颗粒剂致死率过高,不符合保留摇蚊幼虫生态功能的要求,故而舍弃;将有效成分为1200 ITU/mg的颗粒剂投入2.4 L蒸馏水中,含量10%投入量0.6g时矫正死亡率为85.89%,含量20%投入量0.3 g时矫正死亡率为86.90%。这2种颗粒剂经过模拟生境试验验证防治率无显著差异。综合考虑防治效果、物资成本及生态效益,选取10%1200 ITU/mg Bti沉降型颗粒剂进行现场试验。经过与对照区比对,施药2次对红裸须摇蚊的防治率为75.53%,同期对比防治效果为80.63%。实践证明,Bti沉降型颗粒剂能够有效降低婚飞摇蚊种群密度,为城市湿地、公园景区防控摇蚊提供了标本兼治的方法。In the recent years,the nuisance caused by nuptial flight of Chironomidae became more frequently,chironomid larvae known as“red worm”were the sediment organism.The experiences of aquatic insects control from WHO and other countries showed that the water source treatment of the larvae’s breeding ground was essential,and the chemical treatment by the biopesticide was a very important part.Bacillus thuringrensis var.israelesis(Bti)had been proven that it was useful to control chironomid larvae,but existing formulations either settled slowly on sediment or dissolved and dispersed during sedimentation.In this study,zeolite powder was used as vehicle and we use wet coating method to prepare Bti sedimentation granules,which had high density and easy sedimentation.The control effect of these granules on Propsilocerus akamusi were determined by laboratory control,simulated field and field tests.The results of laboratory control test showed that both the 7000 ITU/mg and the 1200 ITU/mg granules could play a good role in controlling the larvae of Propsilocerus akamusi,but the mortality rate of 7000 ITU/mg had been abandoned because it was too excessive to meet the requirements of retaining the ecological function of chironomid larvae.Added the sedimentation granules with 1200 ITU/mg into 2.4 L distilled water,the corrected mortality rate reached 85.89%for the granules with 10%concentration and 0.6 g amounts,and 86.90%for granules with 20%concentration and 0.3 g amounts.The results of simulated field test showed that there was no significant difference in the control rate of two types of granules.Considering the control effect,cost and ecological benefit,the granules of 10%1200 ITU/mg were selected for field test.Compared with the control area,after two times of dose,the control rate of these granules on the larvae of Propsilocerus akamusi was 75.53%,and the control effect during the same period was 80.63%.It has been proved that these Bti sedimentation granules prepared in this study can effectively reduce the populat

关 键 词：苏云金杆菌以色列亚种 沉降型颗粒剂 红裸须摇蚊 沸石粉 生物防治 

分 类 号：S763.41[农业科学—森林保护学]