“小木作”在加德满都谷地民居建造传统及风貌中的作用与启示  

The Role and Insights of‘Joinery Works’in the Building Traditions and Architectural Character of Vernacular Residences in the Kathmandu Valley

作　　者：任中琦 李梦瑶 REN Zhongqi;LI Mengyao

机构地区：[1]中国科学院大学人居科学学院 [2]北京建筑大学建筑与城市规划学院

出　　处：《建筑创作》2025年第1期161-170,共10页ArchiCreation

基　　金：北京市社会科学基金青年项目“以遗产影响评估为线索的北京老城老旧建筑更新和改造方法研究”(20LSC014);第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究任务十专题四“特色民族文化保护区和世界旅游目的地建设基础科学考察”(2019QZKK1004)。

摘　　要：尼泊尔加德满都谷地城镇群在经历多次地震重建与城市自发更新后,仍能较好地保持风貌特征,其原因及机制具有重要参考意义。经过实地调研,笔者发现,相对于国内通常以屋顶、屋架等“大木作”构件为主要风貌要素,以门、窗、壁龛等为代表的“小木作”构件则是谷地民居建造传统及风貌保存和延续的主要因素。因此,本研究从小木作的建构逻辑、风貌特征、构件再利用、木雕技艺非物质文化遗产的活态传承等角度,探讨小木作在尼泊尔民居风貌保存和延续中的作用和启发。Despite multiple earthquake reconstructions and spontaneous urban renewal,the towns and cities in Nepal's Kathmandu Valley have effectively preserved their traditional architectural character.The reasons and mechanisms underlying this phenomenon offer significant insights.Field research reveals that,unlike in China,where'structural carpentry works'such as roofs and frames are typically regarded as primary elements of traditional styles,joinery works'represented by doors,windows and niches serve as the key determinants in preserving and continuing the building traditions and architectural character of the valley's residences.By analyzing their tectonic logic,characteristic features,component reuse,and the living tradition of woodcarving as an intangible cultural heritage,this research examines the role and insights of joinery works in preserving and sustaining the architectural character of traditional residences.

关 键 词：传统民居 风貌 建造传统 小木作 加德满都谷地 尼泊尔 

分 类 号：TU86[建筑科学]