2013-2022年大连湾海洋浮游动物群落结构变化及其与环境因子关系研究  

Study on the changes in the community structure of marine zooplankton in Dalian bay from 2013 to 2022 and its relationship with environmental factors

作　　者：李雨轩 王睿睿[2,3] 王薇 尹延明[2] 刘振鹏 代征 李明浩 闫启仑 LI Yuxuan;WANG Ruirui;WANG Wei;YIN Yanming;LIU Zhenpeng;DAI Zheng;LI Minghao;YAN Qilun(College of Marine Sciences and Environment,Dalian Ocean University,Dalian 116023,China;National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center,Dalian 116023,China;State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Coastal Ecosystem,Dalian 116023,China)

机构地区：[1]大连海洋大学海洋科技与环境学院,辽宁大连116023 [2]国家海洋环境监测中心,辽宁大连116023 [3]国家环境保护近岸海域生态环境重点实验室,辽宁大连116023

出　　处：《海洋环境科学》2025年第2期247-256,共10页Marine Environmental Science

基　　金：大连市科技创新基金项目(2021JJ12SN36)。

摘　　要：本研究基于2013-2022年大连湾春季和秋季浮游动物的调查资料,分析了浮游动物的群落结构变化及其与环境因子的关系。2013-2022年春季和秋季,大连湾海域共鉴定浮游动物8大类64种(类),其中,桡足类、水母类和浮游幼虫是主要类群,分别占种类组成的34%、25%和20%;主要优势种春季为腹针胸刺水蚤(Centropages mcmurrichi)、沃氏纺锤水蚤(Acartia Omorii)、中华哲水蚤(Calanus sinicus)和拟长腹剑水蚤(Oithona similis),秋季为肥胖三角溞(Evadne tergestina)、异体住囊虫(Oikopleura dioica)、小拟哲水蚤(Paracalanus parvus)和强壮箭虫(Sagitta crassa)。基于浅水Ⅰ型浮游生物网(以下简称Ⅰ型网)的浮游动物平均密度春季和秋季分别为652 ind/m^(3)和1040 ind/m^(3),基于浅水Ⅱ型浮游生物网(以下简称Ⅱ型网)的浮游动物平均密度春季和秋季分别为30470 ind/m^(3)和24355 ind/m^(3)。浮游动物平均生物量春季和秋季分别为143 mg/m^(3)和190 mg/m^(3)。2013-2022年,基于Ⅰ型网的浮游动物平均密度和生物量总体呈下降趋势。基于Ⅰ型网的浮游动物多样性指数平均值春季和秋季分别为2.40和2.80,Ⅱ型网分别为2.38和2.66;基于Ⅰ型网的浮游动物均匀度指数平均值春季和秋季分别为0.73和0.78,Ⅱ型网分别为0.69和0.75;基于Ⅰ型网的浮游动物丰富度指数平均值春季和秋季分别为1.14和1.57,Ⅱ型网分别为0.73和0.86。浮游动物多样性不高,总体略呈上升趋势。温度、盐度及氨氮是影响大连湾浮游动物结构特征的主要环境因子,温度与桡足类优势种的密度呈负相关关系,盐度与中华哲水蚤的密度有较强的相关性。研究结果可为大连湾的环境保护与生态评估提供科学依据。Analyzes the changes in zooplankton community structure and its relationship with environmental factors based on survey data of zooplankton in the spring and autumn of Dalian Bay from 2013 to 2022.A total of 64 species of zooplankton were identified,with copepods,jellyfish,and planktonic larvae being the main groups,accounting for 34%,25%,and 20%of the species composition;The main dominant species were Centropages mcmurrichi,Acartia Omorii,Calanus sinicus and Oithona similis in spring and Evadne tergestina,Oikopleura dioica,Paracalanus parvus and Sagitta crassa in autumn.The average density of zooplankton collected by the shallow water TypeⅠplankton net(hereinafter referred to as TypeⅠnet)was 652 ind/m^(3) in spring and 1040 ind/m^(3) in autumn.The average density of zooplankton collected by the shallow water TypeⅡplankton(hereinafter referred to as TypeⅡnet)was 30470 ind/m^(3) in spring and 24355 ind/m^(3) in autumn.The average biomass of zooplankton was 143 mg/m^(3) in spring and 190 mg/m^(3) in autumn,respectively.In the past decade,the average density and biomass of large planktonic animals have generally shown a downward trend.The average diversity index of zooplankton by TypeⅠnet was 2.40 in spring and 2.80 in autumn,meanwhile,by TypeⅡnet 2.38 in spring and 2.66 in autumn,The average evenness index of zooplankton by TypeⅠnet was 0.73 in spring and 0.78 in autumn,meanwhile,by TypeⅡnet 0.69 in spring and 0.75 in autumn.The average richness index of zooplankton by TypeⅠnet was 1.14 in spring and 1.57 in autumn,meanwhile,by TypeⅡnet 0.73 in spring and 0.86 in autumn.The diversity of zooplankton was not high and overall showed a slight upward trend.Temperature,salinity,and ammonia nitrogen were the main environmental factors affecting the structure characteristics of zooplankton in Dalian Bay in the past decade.There was a negative correlation between temperature and the density of copepods,while salinity has a strong correlation with the density of Calanus sinicus.The research results may pr

关 键 词：浮游动物 群落结构 环境因子 大连湾 

分 类 号：Q178.53[生物学—水生生物学]