二轮承包到期承包地适当调整的法理逻辑与实现路径  

Juridical Logic and Realization Path of Appropriate Adjustment of Contracted Land at the Expiration of the Second Round of Contracting

作　　者：张宏宇 ZHANG Hongyu

机构地区：[1]中央财经大学法学院,北京市100081

出　　处：《农村经济》2025年第2期149-158,共10页Rural Economy

基　　金：国家社会科学基金西部项目“三权分置背景下集体土地所有权实现的法律问题研究”(编号:19XFX007)的阶段性研究成果;中央财经大学“科教融汇研究生学术新星孵化计划”资助。

摘　　要：处理好二轮承包到期承包地调整问题是未来顺利落实二轮土地延包工作的关键。重新审视实践中无地、少地农民诉求和学界主要观点后认为,二轮承包到期应当允许部分村庄对承包地进行适当调整,且适当调整是农村集体经济组织对本集体土地承包关系的适当调适,不是原人原地绝对不变直接延包,更不是将土地打乱重分,其以“大稳定、小调整”为主要内涵,强调调整的合法性、合理性、科学性,不仅符合中央政策,还反映了土地二轮延包试点的基本情况。此外,适当调整具有现行法的支持,其法理基础在于维护无地、少地成员的生存权和发展权,遵循集体所有权成员共享和社区性的内在要求,彰显土地承包经营权用益物权期限性特征,以及防止集体土地所有权被虚化。具体落实这一方案,应明确适当调整的基本原则,并结合土地二轮延包试点实践,继续探索适当调整事由及其实现形式。Dealing with the issue of adjustments to contracted land upon the expiration of the second round of contracting is the key to the successful implementation of the second round of land extension in the future.After re-examining the practice of landless and landless farmers'demands and the main viewpoints of the academia,it is believed that the expiration of the second round of contracting should allow some villages to make appropriate adjustments to the contracted land,which are made by the rural collective economic organizations to the contracted land of its collective relationship,not the original person and the original land remain unchanged and directly extend the contracting,and even more so,not to disorganize the land to be re-divided.It has the main connotation of"great stability and small adjustments",emphasizing the legality,rationality and scientific nature of the adjustments,which is not only in line with the central policy,but also reflects the basic situation of the second round of land extension pilot projects.In addition,the appropriate adjustment has the support of the existing law,and its jurisprudence is based on the guarantee of the right to subsistence and development of the landless and land-poor members,following the intrinsic requirements of sharing and communal nature of members of collective ownership rights,highlighting the characteristics of the duration of the usufructuary right of the land contract management right,as well as preventing the subject virtualization of the collective land ownership.In order to implement this program,the basic principles of appropriate adjustment should be clarified,in conjunction with the pilot practice of the second-round extension of land contracting,appropriate adjustments and their realization should continue to be explored.

关 键 词：二轮延包 土地调整 土地承包经营权 法理逻辑 实现路径 

分 类 号：F301.1[经济管理—产业经济]