推动农业机械化高质量发展:农机补贴政策的挑战与改革取向  

Promoting High-quality Development of Agricultural Mechanization:Challenge and Reform Orientation of Agricultural Machinery Subsidy Policies

作　　者：薛洲 胡凌啸 曹光乔 XUE Zhou;HU Lingxiao;CAO Guangqiao

机构地区：[1]南京林业大学经济管理学院,江苏南京210037 [2]中国社会科学院农村发展研究所,北京市100732 [3]农业农村部南京农业机械化研究所,江苏南京210014

出　　处：《农村经济》2025年第2期181-192,共12页Rural Economy

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“农机补贴政策对农机企业创新的溢出效应及政策优化研究—基于购置补贴与作业补贴的比较”(编号:72203093);清华大学中国农村研究院研究课题“加快打造适应现代农业发展的高素质生产经营队伍研究”(编号:CIRS2024-10)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：实现农业机械化高质量发展是提高农业综合效益和竞争力的客观需要,也是加快建设农业强国的必然要求。本文在界定农业机械化高质量发展内涵的基础上,将农业机械化高质量发展的基本特征归纳为“三高一优一强”,即农机化水平高、农机利用效率高、农机作业质量高、农机装备结构优、农机企业创新能力强。然而,以购置补贴为核心的农机补贴政策并不利于农机装备结构优化、农机具高效利用和农机企业创新,难以助推我国农业机械化高质量发展。为应对上述发展困境,本文认为农机补贴政策需做出相应变革,在短期内应从补贴范围、标准制定和农机装备鉴定等方面优化购置补贴模式,同时在具备作业信息化监测条件的环节开展农机作业补贴试点。从中长期来看,政府应转变补贴模式,构建以作业补贴为主,购置补贴、信贷补贴、燃油补贴、研发补贴为辅的多元化农机补贴政策体系。Realizing the high-quality development of agricultural mechanization is an objective need to improve the comprehensive efficiency and competitiveness of agriculture,and an inevitable requirement to accelerate the construction of an agricultural powerhouse.On the basis of defining the connotation of high-quality development of agricultural mechanization,this paper summarizes the basic characteristics of high-quality development of agricultural mechanization as"three highs,one superiority,and one strength",including high level of agricultural mechanization,high utilization efficiency of agricultural machinery,high quality of agricultural machinery operation,superior agricultural machinery equipment structure,and strong innovation capacity of agricultural machinery enterprises.However,the agricultural machinery subsidy policy primarily focused on purchase subsidies is not conducive to optimizing the structure of agricultural machinery and equipment,enhancing the efficient utilization of agricultural machinery,or fostering innovation among agricultural machinery enterprises.and it is difficult to boost the high-quality development of agricultural mechanization in China.In order to cope with the above development dilemma,this paper argues that the subsidy policies of agricultural machinery should be changed accordingly.In the short term,it should optimize the purchase subsidy model in terms of subsidy scope,standard setting and appraisal of agricultural machinery and equipment.Additionally,the pilot operation subsidy of agricultural machinery should be carried out in areas where conditions for monitoring operational information are met.In the medium and long term,the government should change the subsidy mode and build a diversified agricultural machinery subsidy policy system with operation subsidy as the main part and purchase subsidy,credit subsidy,fuel subsidy and R&D subsidy as the supplementary part.

关 键 词：农业机械化高质量发展 农机补贴政策 多元化补贴政策体系 

分 类 号：F324.2[经济管理—产业经济]