Genetic and molecular mechanisms underlying nitrogen use efficiency in maize  

作　　者：Jianfang Li Huairong Cao Shuxin Li Xiaonan Dong Zheng Zhao Zhongtao Jia Lixing Yuan 

机构地区：[1]State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management,College of Resources and Environmental Sciences,National Academy of Agriculture Green Development,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China [2]Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding(MOE),Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China

出　　处：《Journal of Genetics and Genomics》2025年第3期276-286,共11页遗传学报(英文版)

基　　金：supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFF1000500 to L.Y.);the High-Level Talents Research Startup Fund of China Agricultural University(00114342 and 10092010 to J.L.);Pinduoduo-China Agricultural University Research Fund(PC2024B01009 to Z.J.).

摘　　要：Nitrogen(N)is vital for crop growth and yield,impacting food quality.However,excessive use of N fertilizers leads to high agricultural costs and environmental challenges.This review offers a thorough synthesis of the genetic and molecular regulation of N uptake,assimilation,and remobilization in maize,emphasizing the role of key genes and metabolic pathways in enhancing N use efficiency(NUE).We summarize the genetic regulators of N transports for nitrate(NO3−)and ammonium(NH4+)that contribute to efficient N uptake and transportation.We further discuss the molecular mechanisms by which root system development adapts to N distribution and how N influences root system development and growth.Given the advancements in high-throughput microbiome studies,we delve into the impact of rhizosphere microorganisms on NUE and the complex plant-microbe interactions that regulate maize NUE.Additionally,we conclude with intricate regulatory mechanisms of N assimilation and remobilization in maize,involving key enzymes,transcription factors,and amino acid transporters.We also scrutinize the known N signaling perception and transduction mechanisms in maize.This review underscores the challenges in improving maize NUE and advocates for an integrative research approach that leverages genetic diversity and synthetic biology,paving the way for sustainable agriculture.

关 键 词：NUE N transporters Root system architecture Plant-microbe interactions N signaling 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]