林下环境因子对药用植物林下种植的影响  

Effects of understory environmental factors on understory planting of medicinal plants

作　　者：文定梅 张洪彪 秦凤园 徐超群 李豆豆 郭宝林[1] WEN Ding-mei;ZHANG Hong-biao;QIN Feng-yuan;XU Chao-qun;LI Dou-dou;GUO Bao-lin(Institute of Medicinal Plant Development,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College,Beijing 100193,China)

机构地区：[1]中国医学科学院北京协和医学院药用植物研究所,北京100193

出　　处：《中国中药杂志》2025年第5期1164-1171,共8页China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica

基　　金：国家“十四五”重点研发计划项目(2022YFC3501501)。

摘　　要：药用植物林下种植是连接中草药与森林资源的新型种植模式,林下复杂多变的环境因子必将影响林下中药材的产量和品质。该文基于林地类型及林内环境因子,从林下光照、空气温湿度、土壤等特点及林内作物的相互作用等角度,总结已有的药用植物林下种植研究进展。结果表明林下复杂多变的光照、温湿度及土壤因子(肥力、酸碱度、微生物等)会通过药用植物的光合作用、呼吸作用等生理活动不同程度影响药用植物的产量与品质,使之较大田栽培产量与品质明显提高或降低。此外,林内不同作物之间存在的竞争或互利关系也会导致林下药用植物产量和品质与大田露地栽培的差异,合理搭配种植可以实现资源共享、优势互补。因此,通过开展林下环境因子对具有不同生长发育特性的药用植物产量和含量的系统研究,可为制定林下药用植物种植综合策略提供理论指导和技术借鉴,如选择适宜的药用植物品种、优化种植密度、进行合理的林地管理等,为中药材的可持续发展和生态保护贡献力量。Understory planting of medicinal plants is a new planting mode that connects Chinese herbal medicine(CHM)with forest resources.The complex and variable understory environmental factors will inevitably affect the yield and quality of understory CHM.This research summarized the research progress on understory planting of medicinal plants based on forest types and environmental factors within the forest from the perspectives of understory light,air temperature and humidity,soil characteristics,and the interaction between crops within the forest.The results showed that the complex and variable light,temperature and humidity,and soil factors(such as fertility,acidity and alkalinity,and microorganisms)under the forest could affect the yield and quality of medicinal plants to varying degrees through physiological activities such as photosynthesis and respiration,resulting in a significant increase or decrease in yield and quality compared to open field cultivation.In addition,the competition or mutual benefit between different crops within the forest could lead to differences in the yield and quality of understory medicinal plants compared to open field cultivation.A reasonable combination of planting could achieve resource sharing and complementary advantages.Therefore,conducting systematic research on the effects of understory environmental factors on the yield and content of medicinal plants with different growth and development characteristics can provide theoretical guidance and technical references for formulating comprehensive strategies for understory planting of medicinal plants,such as selecting suitable medicinal plant varieties,optimizing planting density,and conducting reasonable forest management,thus contributing to the sustainable development and ecological protection of CHM.

关 键 词：林下种植 环境因子 药用植物 

分 类 号：S567[农业科学—中草药栽培]