多元主体参与下的科技伦理治理机制及其启示——以美国转基因技术为例  

The ethical governance mechanism of science and technology under the participation of multiple subjects and its enlightenment——The case of the transgenic technology of United States

作　　者：张慧 刘兵 ZHANG Hui;LIU Bing(School of Humanities,Dalian University of Technology,Dalian 116024,China;Institute for Cultural Heritage and History of Science&Technology,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China;Center for Science Communication and Popularization of CAST and Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]大连理工大学人文学院,辽宁大连116024 [2]北京科技大学科技史与文化遗产研究院,北京100083 [3]中国科协-清华大学科技传播与普及研究中心,北京100084

出　　处：《科学学研究》2025年第4期742-750,共9页Studies in Science of Science

基　　金：研究阐释党的十九届五中全会精神国家社会科学基金重大项目(21ZDA017)。

摘　　要：科技伦理是引导科技向善的方向盘。美国在科技伦理治理方面注重多元利益主体的参与,强调政府、高校及科研院所、企业、媒体和公众的协同共治,形成了良好的科技伦理治理体系。这种多元主体参与的科技伦理治理机制在美国转基因技术的发展与应用方面,取得了较好的治理效果,也呈现出一些不足与风险。通过有辨别地借鉴美国科技伦理治理中的多元主体参与方式,结合中国国情,从理念、制度和对策层面加以优化,以期为健全中国科技伦理治理的体制机制提供有力支撑。Science and technology ethics is the steering wheel to guide science and technology for social good.The United States attaches importance to the participation of multiple stakeholders and emphasizes the coordination and co-governance of the government,universities and research institutes,enterprises,media and the public,forming a sound system of ethical governance of science and technology.Among them,the government is responsible for the establishment of the concepts and policies of ethical governance of science and technology;universities and research institutes are the subjects of science and technology ethical education and ethical research;enterprises are important practice institutions of ethical behavior of science and technology;media undertake the publicity of ethical events of science and technology and the social mobilization of governance;and the public is the target audience and supervision group of ethical governance of science and technology.The multi-subject participation mechanism in the ethical governance of science and technology in the United States can be roughly summarized into three levels,which are composed of the core level,the normative level and the auxiliary level,and the mandatory force of the ethical governance tools formulated and used is gradually weakening.The government is in the core layer of governance and has authority;universities,research institutes and enterprises are at the normative level of governance;the media and the public are at the auxiliary level of governance.This multi-subject participation ethical governance mechanism of science and technology has achieved good governance effects in the development and application of transgenic technology in the United States,but also presents some deficiencies and risks.The achievements of the ethical governance of transgenic technology in the United States are inseparable from its consummate safety risk supervision structure,sound legal protection system and good multi-subject participation mechanism.But at the same time,there

关 键 词：多元主体参与 协同共治 转基因技术 科技伦理治理 

分 类 号：C301[社会学]