新型研发机构业务运行与法人身份的属性矛盾  

Research on the contradiction between business operations and legal identity attributes of new R&D institutions

作　　者：胡贝贝 张秀峰 于磊 HU Bei-bei;ZHANG Xiu-feng;YU Lei(Institutes of Science and Development,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China;Business School,Henan Normal University,Xinxiang 453007,China;Torch High Technology Industry Development Center,Ministry of Science&Technology,Beijing 100045,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院科技战略咨询研究院,北京100190 [2]河南师范大学商学院,河南新乡453007 [3]科学技术部火炬高技术产业开发中心,北京100045

出　　处：《科学学研究》2025年第4期876-886,共11页Studies in Science of Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFF0901101);中国科学院科技战略咨询研究院院长青年基金项目(E3X1841Q);河南省高等学校哲学社会科学创新人才支持计划(2024-CXRC-05)。

摘　　要：本文针对新型研发机构业务运行与法人身份的属性矛盾问题,构建了“法人身份-行动环境-组织行为-组织绩效”的理论分析框架,探讨这对矛盾影响机构运营绩效的内在机理,并采用科技部2022年对全国2412家新型研发机构的调查数据,对理论分析结论进行实证检验。总体来看,新型研发机构基于《科技进步法》界定的多元业务运行要求具有公益和市场混成属性,基于《民法典》法人身份则仅具有公益或市场的单一属性,两者之间存在矛盾。这对矛盾制约了新型研发机构多元业务的开展,进而具有导致新型研发机构在发展中偏离原始功能定位,回归单一功能属性组织的可能性。政府应着眼新型研发机构群体的长期、健康、可持续发展开展制度创新,构建基于新型研发机构功能定位以及兼顾公益和市场混成属性特征的针对性制度规范和系统性支持政策。This paper focuses on the contradiction between the business operation of new R&D institutions and the identity of legal persons,constructs the theoretical analysis framework of"legal person status-action environment-organizational behavior-organizational performance",explores the internal mechanism of this contradiction affecting the operational performance of the institutions,and employs the survey data from the Ministry of Science and Technology(MOST)of 2,412 new R&D institutions in 2022 to test the theoretical conclusions empirically.In general,there is a contradiction between the multiple business operation requirements of new R&D institutions based on the Law of the Peoples Republic of China on Science and Technology Progress,which requires them to have mixed attributes of public welfare and market,and the single attribute of public welfare or market based on the regulation of legal person status in the Civil Code of the Peoples Republic of China.This contradiction restricts the synergistic development of multiple business operations of new R&D institutions.The level and performance of research and development,transformation and incubation,and market-oriented business activities carried out by new R&D institutions registered as legal persons of public institutions and social service agencies are in decreasing order.;new R&D institutions registered as legal persons of enterprises have more prominent performance in market-oriented business activities,while research and development activities at the front-end of the innovation chain have weaker performance.Further,this contradiction has the possibility of causing new R&D institutions to deviate from their original functional positioning and return to a single-function organization in their development.Among them,enterprise-type new R&D institutions tend to focus on market-oriented business activities and cost control,and are not active enough in expanding their business to the front part of the innovation chain,and there is a risk that they will deviate from t

关 键 词：新型研发机构 法人身份 业务运行 混成属性 

分 类 号：F204[经济管理—国民经济]