考虑固液摩擦的液体静压轴承油膜温升试验及模型反求研究  

Experimental and Model Inverse Study of Oil Film Temperature Rise of Hydrostatic Bearing Considering Solid-liquid Friction

作　　者：熊万里[1,2] 原帅 张翰乾 金志鑫 方泽荣 XIONG Wanli;YUAN Shuai;ZHANG Hanqian;JIN Zhixin;FANG Zerong(National Engineering Research Center for High Efficiency Grinding,Hunan University,Changsha 410082;Guangzhou Haozhi Industrial Co.,Ltd.,Guangzhou 511356)

机构地区：[1]湖南大学国家高效磨削工程技术研究中心,长沙410082 [2]广州市昊志机电股份有限公司,广州511356

出　　处：《机械工程学报》2025年第5期62-73,共12页Journal of Mechanical Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(52075155)。

摘　　要：液体静压轴承的油膜温升是限制主轴转速提高的关键因素之一,而现有轴承油膜温升模型并没有考虑固液摩擦做功产生的热量,在长期研究液体静压主轴并跟踪其实际应用时发现,根据现有模型计算的轴承油膜温升值与测试结果存在显著差距。针对上述问题,搭建了液体静压轴承液膜剪切特性原理性试验台,测量了不同主轴转速、不同供油压力以及不同油膜厚度条件下的轴承油膜温升值及流量值。将轴承油膜温升测量值与理论值进行了对比分析,发现根据现有液体静压轴承油膜温升模型计算的油膜温升值远小于试验测试值,并且该误差主要与摩擦功耗引起的油膜温升有关。以试验测试结果为基础,通过反求研究不同工况对固液摩擦特性的影响规律,发现由固液摩擦引起的轴承油膜温升相对主轴转速的增大线性增大,相对油膜厚度的增大线性减小,而固液摩擦剪应力相对主轴转速的增大逐渐增大后趋近于某值,相对供油压力的增大线性增大。通过拟合建立了考虑固液摩擦的液体静压轴承油膜温升新模型,并通过对比试验测试结果验证了新模型可极大地提高理论计算准确性,在本研究范围内,可将理论计算误差由90%左右降低到4%~14%。The oil film temperature rise of hydrostatic bearings is one of the key factors limiting the increasing of spindle speed,while the existing bearing oil film temperature rise model does not take into account the heat generated by solid-liquid friction,in the long-term study of hydrostatic spindles and tracking its practical application,a significant gap between the value of the oil film temperature rise calculated according to the existing model and the test results is found.Aiming at the above problems,a principle test bench of liquid film shear characteristics of hydrostatic bearings was constructed,and the bearing oil film temperature rise and flow rate values are measured under the conditions of different spindle rotational speed,different supply pressure and different oil film thicknesse.The measured and calculated values of the bearing oil film temperature rise are compared and analyzed.It is found out that the oil film temperature rise calculated according to the existing hydrostatic bearing oil film temperature rise model is much smaller than the experimental test value,and the error was mainly related to the oil film temperature rise caused by friction power consumption.Based on the experimental test results,the influence law of different working conditions on the solid-liquid friction characteristics is investigated by inverse solution.The temperature rise of the bearing oil film caused by solid-liquid friction increases linearly with respect to the increase in spindle speed and decreases linearly with respect to the increase in oil film thickness.The solid-liquid friction shear stress increases gradually with respect to the spindle speed and then converges to a certain value,and increases linearly with respect to the oil supply pressure.A new model of oil film temperature rise of hydrostatic bearing considering solid-liquid friction is established,and it is verified by comparing with the experimental results that the new model can greatly improve the accuracy of theoretical calculation.Within the scope

关 键 词：油膜温升 固液摩擦 液体静压轴承 

分 类 号：TH133[机械工程—机械制造及自动化] TM301[电气工程—电机] TH161