真空环境下微孔节流气体静压止推轴承静动态特性  

Static and Dynamic Characteristics of Micro-hole Throttling Aerostatic Bearings in Vacuum Environment

作　　者：寇新俊 于贺春[1] 臧立彬 李广平 侯月婷 李鹏 张国庆[1] 侯玮杰 KOU Xinjun;YU Hechun;ZANG Libin;LI Guangpin;HOU Yueting;LI Peng;ZHANG Guoqing;HOU Weijie(School of Mechatronics Engineering,Zhongyuan University of Technology,Zhengzhou 450007;Tianjin Institute of Aerospace Mechanical and Electrical Equipment,Tianjin 300301;School of Mechanical Engineering,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300350;College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering,Hunan University,Changsha 410082)

机构地区：[1]中原工学院机电学院,郑州450007 [2]天津航天机电设备研究所,天津300301 [3]天津大学机械工程学院,天津300350 [4]湖南大学机械与运载工程学院,长沙410082

出　　处：《机械工程学报》2025年第5期87-96,共10页Journal of Mechanical Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(52305102,51875586)。

摘　　要：当前常压环境下气浮式微低重力模拟试验难以适应遥感卫星敏捷机动姿态控制高精度要求,而真空环境气浮技术是实现无风阻高保真微低重力模拟试验的重要途径。以地面高保真微低重力仿真试验核心部件微孔节流气体静压轴承为研究对象,对真空环境下气体静压轴承静动态特性进行了研究。首先,理论分析了环境压力对轴承气膜内流场的影响;然后,建立仿真模型计算了不同环境压力下气膜内压力分布和流速变化规律;最后,通过常压和真空环境轴承静动态性能测试试验,揭示了环境压力对轴承静动态性能影响规律。结果表明,在真空环境中,环境压力的降低使得轴承气膜内外压差增大,承载力提高;轴承气膜内压力下降速率加快、气体流速增大、涡流面积增加,导致动态稳定性降低,容易诱发轴承自激振动。At present,it is difficult to adapt the air-float micro-low-gravity simulation test in the atmospheric pressure environment to meet the high-precision requirements of agile manoeuvre attitude control for remote sensing satellites.The air-float technology in vacuum environment is an important way to achieve the micro-low-gravity simulation test without wind resistance and high fidelity.The study focuses on the micro-hole throttling aerostatic bearing,a key component of ground high-fidelity micro-low-gravity simulation experiment,and investigates the static and dynamic characteristics of the aerostatic bearing in vacuum environment.Firstly,the influence of environmental pressure on the flow field in the bearing film is analyzed theoretically.Then,a simulation model is established to calculate the pressure distribution and flow velocity variation in the gas film with different ambient pressures.Finally,the influence of environmental pressure on the static and dynamic performance of the bearing is revealed by the normal pressure and vacuum environment tests respectively.The results show that the decrease of ambient pressure in vacuum environment increases the pressure difference inside and outside of the bearing gas film,which leads to the increase of bearing capacity.At the same time,in vacuum,the pressure drop rate in the bearing gas film is accelerated,the gas velocity is increased,and the vortex area is increased,which leads to the decrease of dynamic stability and easy to induce the self-excited vibration of the bearing.

关 键 词：真空环境 微孔节流 微低重力仿真 静动态特性 试验研究 

分 类 号：TH133[机械工程—机械制造及自动化]