重庆市江北区某金属制品业噪声所致劳动者听力损失的风险评估  

Risk assessment of hearing loss of workers caused by noise in a metal products industry in Jiangbei District of Chongqing City

作　　者：魏金玉 黄锐 宋致兴 黄佳颖 张秋豪 WEI Jinyu;HUANG Rui;SONG Zhixing;HUANG Jiaying;ZHANG Qiuhao(Department of Occupational Health,Chongqing Jiangbei District Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Chongqing 400020,China;School of Public Health,Chongqing Medical University,Chongqing 400016,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆市江北区疾病预防控制中心职业卫生科,重庆400020 [2]重庆医科大学公共卫生学院,重庆400016

出　　处：《职业与健康》2025年第2期156-160,共5页Occupation and Health

摘　　要：目的了解重庆市江北区某金属制品业噪声暴露和劳动者行听力损失情况,运用ISO1999:2013(E)评价噪声致听力损失风险,并根据WS/T 954—2016《噪声职业病危害风险指南》对风险进行分级,指导该企业采取针对性的听力保护措施。方法对重庆市江北区某金属制品业开展现场调查,选取该企业2022年1月以来主要噪声作业岗位147名劳动者作为研究对象,开展纯音听力测试,检测岗位噪声暴露水平40 h等效连续A声级(L_(EX,W)),分析听力损失与工种、接噪工龄、噪声暴露水平的关系,采用ISO 1999:2013模型,对噪声作业岗位进行暴露风险评估和风险管理。结果该企业不同噪声作业岗位工人的L_(EX,W)范围为84.0~93.0 dB(A),岗位噪声超标率为79.4%,其中焊接、打磨、制孔、拼装和下料岗位噪声超标率为100%。作业场所危害分级显示焊接与打磨岗位为中度危害,其他岗位为轻度危害;147名噪声作业人员经检查发现单纯性高频听力损失26例(17.7%),高频合并语频听力损失11例(7.5%),不同岗位之间听力损失比例差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=7.525,P>0.05);随着接噪工龄和噪声强度的增加,听力损失的比例呈上升趋势,差异有统计学意义,二者之间具有相关性(χ^(2)=7.357、13.201,r=0.218、0.287,均P<0.05);经预测各岗位噪声作业工人在50岁以后,噪声引起的高频听阈损失风险范围在2.4%~21.9%,打磨岗位为较高风险;噪声引起的职业性噪声聋风险范围在0~9.2%,打磨、焊接、制孔岗位均存在较高风险。结论该企业打磨、焊接、制孔岗位高频听力损失和职业性噪声聋风险较高,针对中风险及以上岗位,用人单位应实施听力保护计划,优先采取组织管理措施,配备合适的护听器,组织工人进行职业健康检查、危害告知和听力保护培训,定期进行噪声暴露风险评估。Objective To understand the noise exposure and hearing loss of workers in a metal products industry in Jiangbei District of Chongqing City,evaluate the risk of noise-induced hearing loss by ISO1999:2013(E),and classify the risk according to WS/T 954-2016"Guidelines on the risk of noise Occupational Diseases",to guide the enterprise to take targeted hearing protection measures.Methods An on-the-spot investigation was carried out in the metal products industry in Jiangbei District of Chongqing City.A total of 147 workers in the main noise operation positions of the enterprise since January 2022 were selected as the research subjects.Pure tone hearing tests were conducted to detect the 40 hours equivalent continuous A sound level(L_(EX,W))of noise exposure level in the positions.The relationship between hearing loss and type of work,length of service exposed to noise and noise exposure level was analyzed.ISO 1999-2013 model was used to evaluate and manage the exposure risk of noise jobs.Results The L_(EX,W)range of workers in different noise jobs in the enterprise was 84.0-93.0 dB(A),and the over-standard rate of post noise was 79.4%.Among them,the noise exceedance rate of welding,grinding,hole making,assembly,and blanking positions was 100%.The hazard classification of the workplace showed that the harm of welding and grinding positions was moderate hazardous,while that of other positions were mild hazardous.Among 147 noise workers,it was found that 26 cases(17.7%)had simple high-frequency hearing loss and 11 cases(7.5%)had high-frequency hearing loss.There was no statistically significant difference in the proportion of hearing loss among different positions(χ^(2)=7.525,P>0.05).With the increase of noise exposure time and noise intensity,the proportion of hearing loss showed an upward trend,the difference was statistically significant,and there was a correlation between them(χ^(2)=7.357,13.201;r=0.218,0.287,all P<0.05).It was predicted that the risk range of highfrequency hearing threshold loss caused by noise f

关 键 词：金属制品业 听力损失 噪声暴露 风险评价 

分 类 号：R135.8[医药卫生—劳动卫生]