基于健康信念模式探究高校学生HIV自我检测意愿及影响因素  

Exploration of willingness to receive HIV self-testing and its influencing factors among college students based on the health belief model

作　　者：李晶 贺莉萍 陈曦[2] 戴媚霞 彭龙女 赵萧钰 江艳 LI Jing;HE Liping;CHEN Xi;DAI Meixia;PENG Longnyu;ZHAO Xiaoyu;JIANG Yan(School of Public Health,Xiangnan University,Chenzhou,Hunan 423099,China;Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Changsha,Hunan 410153,China)

机构地区：[1]湘南学院公共卫生学院,湖南郴州423099 [2]湖南省疾病预防控制中心,湖南长沙410153

出　　处：《实用预防医学》2025年第2期138-144,共7页Practical Preventive Medicine

基　　金：2021年度湖南省大学生创新创业训练计划项目(3675);2024年郴州市社会科学规划课题拟立项课题(163);校级科学研究项目(2021XJ45)。

摘　　要：目的分析大学生HIV自我检测意愿的影响因素,为推动高校艾滋病防控提供理论支持。方法采用分层整群随机抽样方法,选择湘南学院2022年7—8月在校的1015名大学生进行横断面研究。基于健康信念模式(health belief model,HBM)理论编制问卷,调查HIV自我检测意愿状况,并运用结构方程模型进一步分析其影响因素。结果1015名研究对象中,688人(占67.8%)有过性行为,发生无保护性行为的人数为154人(占15.2%),其中无保护性行为且愿意接受HIV自我检测人数为27人(占2.7%)。单因素分析结果显示男性(χ^(2)=7.904,P=0.005)、未接受过相关的艾滋病防治知识(χ^(2)=4.272,P=0.039)、已婚(χ^(2)=29.935,P<0.001)、同性恋(χ^(2)=16.983,P=0.001)、3个以上性伴侣者(χ^(2)=35.109,P<0.001)、感知疾病威胁(t=-3.127,P=0.002)、行动线索(t=1.791,P=0.007),与HIV自我检测意愿有关。结构方程模型结果显示,行动线索对HIV自我检测意愿有直接正向作用,路径系数为0.08,而感知疾病威胁对HIV自我检测意愿有直接负向作用,路径系数为-0.13;感知到益处对HIV自我检测意愿有间接正向作用,总效应为0.025。结论在艾滋病防治健康教育中,需要加强对艾滋病知识和自我检测的认知宣传,提高HIV自我检测的认知度和接受度,促进艾滋病防控工作的开展。Objective To analyze the factors influencing willingness to receive HIV self-testing among college students,and to provide theoretical support for promoting HIV/AIDS prevention and control in universities.Methods A stratified cluster random sampling method was employed to select 1,015 college students from Xiangnan University in July-August 2022,and then a cross-sectional study was conducted.A questionnaire based on the health belief model(HBM)theory was developed to investigate the status of willingness to receive HIV self-testing,and structural equation modeling was applied to further analyzing its influencing factors.Results Among the 1,015 study participants,688(67.8%)reported having engaged in sexual activity,and 154(15.2%)admitted to having had unprotected sex,with only 27(2.7%)of them being willing to undergo HIV self-testing.The results of univariate analysis showed that males(χ^(2)=7.904,P=0.005),participants who had not got relevant knowledge about HIV prevention and treatment(χ^(2)=4.272,P=0.039),the married(χ^(2)=29.935,P<0.001),homosexuals(χ^(2)=16.983,P=0.001),participants who had more than 3 sexual partners(χ^(2)=35.109,P<0.001),perception of disease threat(t=-3.127,P=0.002)and action cues(t=1.791,P=0.007)were related to intention of HIV self-testing.The results of structural equation modeling revealed that cues to action directly and positively influenced the willingness to receive HIV self-testing,with the path coefficient being 0.08,while perception of disease threat had a direct and negative impact on the willingness to receive HIV self-testing,with the path coefficient being-0.13.Perception of benefits indirectly and positively influenced the willingness to receive HIV self-testing,with the total effect being 0.025.Conclusion As for health education about HIV/AIDS prevention and control,it is necessary to enhance the awareness and publicity of HIV/AIDS knowledge and HIV self-testing,improve the awareness and acceptance of HIV self-testing,and promote the implementation of work regarding H

关 键 词：健康信念模式 结构方程模型 HIV 自我检测 意愿 大学生 

分 类 号：R512.91[医药卫生—内科学]