包头市大气PM_(2.5)中重金属及类金属污染特征、来源分析及健康风险评价  

Pollution characteristics,source analysis and health risk assessment of heavy metals and metalloid in atmospheric PM_(2.5)in Baotou City

作　　者：武多多 金艳辉[2] 岳宣志 李欢[3] 张雯宇 贾芯芮 范耀春[1,3,5] 冯晓冬 WU Duoduo;JIN Yanhui;YUE Xuanzhi;LI Huan;ZHANG Wenyu;JIA Xinrui;FAN Yaochun;FENG Xiaodong(Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention(Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Academy of Preventive Medicine),Hohhot,Inner Mongolia 010070,China;Baotou Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Baotou,Inner Mongolia 014000,China;Inner Mongolia Medical University,Hohhot,Inner Mongolia 010059,China;Ulanqab Central Hospital,Ulanqab,Inner Mongolia 012000,China;Inner Mongolia Engineneering and Technical Research Center for Personalized Medicine,Hohhot,Inner Mongolia 010000,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古自治区疾病预防控制中心(内蒙古自治区预防医学科学院),内蒙古呼和浩特010070 [2]包头市疾病预防控制中心,内蒙古包头014000 [3]内蒙古医科大学,内蒙古呼和浩特010059 [4]乌兰察布市中心医院,内蒙古乌兰察布市012000 [5]内蒙古自治区个体化用药工程技术研究中心,内蒙古呼和浩特010000

出　　处：《实用预防医学》2025年第2期159-165,共7页Practical Preventive Medicine

基　　金：2022年度内蒙古自治区卫生健康科技计划项目(202201156)。

摘　　要：目的了解包头市大气中PM_(2.5)中重金属及类金属的污染特征,分析主要来源,评估其健康危害水平。方法监测包头市城区2021年10月—2022年9月的大气PM_(2.5)浓度,分析其质量浓度特征及变化规律。运用正定矩阵因子分析(positive matrix factorization,PMF)模型探讨其来源和健康风险评价模型探讨其健康风险。结果参照《环境空气质量标准》,两采样点PM_(2.5)浓度日均值均高于限值,As在冬季的浓度高于限值,Cr超标情况较为严重。供暖期的污染较非供暖期更为严重。包头市大气PM_(2.5)中12种元素主要来源于复合源。本次研究中非致癌风险较低,成人全年存在潜在致癌风险,儿童在冬季存在潜在致癌风险,人群在供暖期的健康风险更高。结论包头市大气PM_(2.5)超标严重,尤其在供暖期,需要重点关注工业冶金、扬尘及交通等污染源,非致癌风险在可接受水平之内,致癌风险较高需引起关注。Objective To understand the pollution characteristics of heavy metals and metalloid in particulate matter 2.5(PM_(2.5))in the atmosphere of Baotou City,to analyze the main sources and assess their health hazard levels.Methods We monitored the atmospheric PM_(2.5)concentration in the urban area of Baotou City from October 2021 to September 2022,and analyzed its quality concentration characteristics and variation patterns.The positive matrix factorization(PMF)model was used to explore its sources,and health risk assessment models were employed to explore its health risks.Results According to the Ambient Air Quality Standard,the daily average concentration of PM_(2.5)at both sampling points was higher than the limit value,the concentration of As was above the limit value in winter,and the situation of Cr exceeding the limit was relatively serious.The pollution was more severe during the heating period than during the non-heating period.The 12 elements in atmospheric PM_(2.5)in Baotou City mainly came from composite sources.The non-carcinogenic risk in this study was relatively low.Adults had a potential carcinogenic risk throughout the year,children had a potential carcinogenic risk in winter,and the population had higher health risk during the heating period.Conclusion The atmospheric PM_(2.5)in Baotou City exceeds the standard seriously,especially during the heating period.It is necessary to focus on pollution sources like industrial metallurgy,dust and transportation.The non-carcinogenic risk is within an acceptable level,and special attention should be paid to the high carcinogenic risk.

关 键 词：PM_(2.5) 重金属 类金属 来源 健康风险 

分 类 号：R122.1[医药卫生—环境卫生学]