折纸超材料及其在航空航天领域的应用与展望  

Origami metamaterials and their applications and prospects in aerospace field

作　　者：岳晓奎[1,2] 朱明珠 耿浩华 龚莉菁 王勇越 YUE Xiaokui;ZHU Mingzhu;GENG Haohua;GONG Lijing;WANG Yongyue(School of Astronautics,Northwestern Polytechnical University,Xi’an 710072,China;National Key Laboratory of Aerospace Flight Dynamics,Xi’an 710072,China)

机构地区：[1]西北工业大学航天学院,西安710072 [2]航天飞行动力学技术国家级重点实验室,西安710072

出　　处：《航空学报》2025年第6期232-265,共34页Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(U2013206,11972026);航天飞行动力学技术重点实验室基金(ZBS2023013);空间智能控制技术重点实验室基金(2024CXPTGFJJ01215)。

摘　　要：随着航空航天技术的快速发展,未来航天器对结构、性能和功能的要求愈加严苛,轻量化、高强度、具备多功能和多模态变形能力的材料设计成为关键需求。折纸超材料因其独特的几何设计和力学特性,具有可重构、多稳态和能量吸收的特性,已成为航空航天领域的研究热点。这类材料通过精密折叠结构,结合现代数学建模与材料科学,具备可调控变形、轻量化、易展开与回缩等优势。在航天领域,折纸超材料不仅可应用于可展开结构(如天线、太阳能帆板等),还在减震、吸能、防护等方面展现出潜力。折纸超材料的可编程几何特性赋予航天器自适应变形能力,能应对太空环境中的外部压力和温度变化,提升结构可靠性与寿命,并有效降低发射成本。综述了折纸超材料的特性、设计方法、制造技术及应用,探讨其在航空航天中的发展趋势与未来研究方向。With the rapid development of aerospace technology,the demands for the structure,performance,and functionality of future spacecraft are becoming increasingly stringent.The design of lightweight,high-strength materials with multifunctionality and multimodal capabilities has become a key requirement.Origami metamaterials,with their unique geometric designs and mechanical properties,have become a research hotspot in the field of aerospace.They are characterized by reconfigurability,multi-stability,and energy absorption.Combined with modern mathematical modeling and material science,these materials achieve adjustable deformation,lightweight,easy deployment and retraction through precise folding structures.In the field of aerospace,origami metamaterials are not only applied to deployable structures such as antennas and solar panels but also show potential in shock absorption,energy absorption,and protection.The programmable geometric characteristics of origami metamaterials endow spacecraft with the ability to adapt to deformation,capable of dealing with external pressures and temperature changes in the space environment,enhancing structural reliability and lifespan,and effectively reducing launch costs.This paper reviews the characteristics,design methods,manufacturing techniques,and applications of origami metamaterials,and discusses their development trends and future research directions in aerospace.

关 键 词：折纸超材料 可重构 多稳态 能量吸收 可编程 

分 类 号：V19[航空宇航科学与技术—人机与环境工程] TH140[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]