空天结构保形设计:从几何特征到能量疏导  

Shape preserving design of aerospace structure:From geometric feature to energy channeling

作　　者：朱继宏[1] 张亦飞 张亚辉[1] 侯杰 张卫红[1] ZHU Jihong;ZHANG Yifei;ZHANG Yahui;HOU Jie;ZHANG Weihong(School of Mechanical Engineering,Northwestern Polytechnical University,Xi’an 710072,China)

机构地区：[1]西北工业大学机电学院,西安710072

出　　处：《航空学报》2025年第6期295-328,共34页Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2022YFB3402200);国家自然科学基金重点基金(92271205)。

摘　　要：新一代航空航天飞行器的快速发展对结构件超强承载、超高精度、极致轻量化等方面提出了更加严苛的要求。面对复杂空天载荷环境,如何在保证结构承载性能的前提下,通过结构设计有效保持关键区域几何和功能形状,是一个典型的保形设计难题。首先,系统综述了基于拓扑优化方法的保形设计相关研究进展,围绕保形思想的产生及其在空天结构设计中的应用展开讨论。随后,深入总结了近年来保形思想在静力学、动力学及多物理场耦合领域的应用,阐明了保形设计的核心在于结构内部能量的协调与疏导。在此基础上,进一步归纳了保形思想在航空航天复杂结构、光机系统结构以及多组件布局优化设计中的实践成果,强调保形思想在系统功能性设计中的重要价值。最后,展望了能量疏导保形思想在跨尺度结构设计、鲁棒性优化设计及复杂空天系统设计等领域的发展与应用前景,为未来相关研究与空天装备研发提供理论参考与技术支持。The rapid development of next-generation aerospace vehicles has imposed more stringent requirements on structural components in terms of super-high load-bearing capacity,ultra-high precision,and extreme lightweight design.How to effectively maintain the geometry and functionality of key areas through structural design while ensuring the load-bearing performance under harsh aerospace load environments is a typical shape preserving design problem.Firstly,this paper systematically reviews the research progress related to shape preserving design based on topology optimization method,discussing the origins of the shape preserving concept and its applications in aerospace structural design.Subsequently,the recent applications of shape-preserving concepts in the fields of statics,dynamics,and multi-physics coupling are summarized in depth,clarifying that the core of shape preserving design lies in energy regulation and channeling within the structure.On this basis,the paper further summarizes the practical achievements of shape preserving methods in the optimization design of complex aerospace structures,optical-mechanical systems,and multi-component layouts,emphasizing the significant value of shape preserving ideas in functional system design.Finally,it explores the development and application prospects of shape preserving through energy channeling concepts in fields such as multi-scale structural design,robust optimization,and complex aerospace system design,providing theoretical references and technical support for future related research and equipment development.

关 键 词：保形设计 拓扑优化 能量疏导 结构设计 空天结构 

分 类 号：V19[航空宇航科学与技术—人机与环境工程]