压电式冲击传感器压电变系数多自由度力电耦合动力学分析与设计  

Analysis and Design of Piezoelectric Shock Sensor Piezoelectric Variable Coefficient Multi-degree-of-freedom Force-electric Coupling Dynamics

作　　者：周华晨 赵剑[1] 李海洋 魏瑞悦 刘蓬勃 黄毓 ZHOU Huachen;ZHAO Jian;LI Haiyang;WEI Ruiyue;LIU Pengbo;HUANG Yu(School of Automotive Engineering,Dalian University of Technology,Dalian 116024;College of Ocean and Civil Engineering,Dalian Ocean University,Dalian 116023)

机构地区：[1]大连理工大学汽车工程学院,大连116024 [2]大连海洋大学海洋与土木工程学院,大连116023

出　　处：《机械工程学报》2025年第4期1-10,共10页Journal of Mechanical Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2022YFB3203600);国家自然科学基金(U1930206)资助项目。

摘　　要：压电式冲击加速度传感器是用于冲击测量的核心敏感器件,其等效建模的精度与结构形状和力电耦合的压电系数等密切相关。综合考虑压电敏感结构质量、刚度分布状态和压电材料尺寸参数变化引起的压电系数变化,利用不规则传感器结构多段划分和压电变系数动态修正的等效模型修正方法,改进传统多自由度压电常系数力电耦合传统模型,建立压电冲击传感器多自由度压电变系数力电耦合修正模型,得到包含机械衍生内电场作用的传感器输出电压时域响应。试验结果表明,所提出的修正模型与试验数值变化趋势一致,压电输出幅值相对误差为9.75%,相比于传统模型精度提高36.29%,修正模型的电信号时域响应相比于传统模型精度更高。此外,等效模型在计算过程中,输出电压会随着漏电电阻的增加而增加,呈线性正相关。因此,为了规避漏电电阻对电压灵敏度的影响,利用传感器的电荷响应计算得到了传感器的电荷灵敏度为10.6 pC/g,进一步论证了修正模型的精准性。The piezoelectric impact acceleration sensor is the key device for impact measurement.The precision of modeling is closely related to shape and piezoelectric coefficient.The variation of piezoelectric coefficient caused by the change of sensitive structure mass,stiffness distribution and material size are considered.By using the method of multi-segment division of irregular structure and dynamic correction of variable coefficient,the modified model of piezoelectric impact sensor with variable coefficient is established.The time domain voltage response of the sensor with the mechanical derived internal electric field is obtained.The experimental results,which are consistant with the modified model,show that the relative error of the piezoelectric output amplitude is 9.75%.Compared with the traditional model with constant coefficient,the accuracy of the modified model is improved by 36.29%,and the time-domain response accuracy of the modified model is higher.In addition,in the calculation process of the equivalent model,the output voltage will increase with the increase of leakage resistance,showing a linear positive correlation.Therefore,in order to avoid the influence of leakage resistance on voltage sensitivity,the charge sensitivity of the sensor is calculated to be 10.6 pC/g by using the charge response,which further demonstrates the accuracy of the modified model.

关 键 词：压电传感器 力电耦合 参数化 冲击响应 等效模型 

分 类 号：TP212[自动化与计算机技术—检测技术与自动化装置]