“周期”的治理:金代四时捺钵制度考  

An Examination of the Four Seasons Nabo System in the Jin Dynasty

作　　者：戎天佑 RONG Tian-you(College of History and Tourism Culture,Inner Mongolia University,Hohhot 010021,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古大学历史与旅游文化学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010021

出　　处：《中央民族大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2025年第1期121-134,共14页Journal of Minzu University of China(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：内蒙古自治区社会科学基金项目“农牧文化交融视域下辽金元时代捺钵制度演变研究”(项目编号:2025AY01)。

摘　　要：四时捺钵缘起于辽,女真人建立金朝后逐渐循辽旧制并加以发展,形成了具有自身特色的捺钵制度。对诸帝捺钵活动的梳理与分析表明,金代四时捺钵是一种周期性的巡幸治理制度,存在以都城为中心和京都间巡守式两大类,可划分为前制度化时期、过渡时期、制度化时期、衰落时期四个阶段。在此基础上探讨可知,金代四时捺钵存在一个“春水秋山”化的过程,其中世宗章宗两朝京北离宫与京畿山川的避暑、狩猎等活动应属于四时捺钵的重要组成部分,且捺钵地点逐渐向都城靠拢,功能上逐渐被都城所承接。这些均反映了金朝行国色彩的淡化与城国特征的加强,是其推动中华文明发展的历史缩影。The Four Seasons Nabo originated during the Liao Dynasty. After the establishment of the Jin Dynasty, the Jurchen gradually adopted and developed the system of the Liao Dynasty, forming a Nabo system with its own national characteristics. This analysis of the Nabo activities of the Jin emperors shows that the Four Seasons Nabo in the Jin Dynasty consisted of two main forms: one centered around the capital and the other conducted as patrols between the Capitals, which can be divided into four phases: the pre-institutional period, the transitional period, the institutionalized period and the decline period. Based on this, it can be inferred that during the Jin Dynasty, there was a process of evolution from the Four Seasons Nabo to “Chunshu” 春水 and “Qiushan” 秋山. During the reigns of Emperors Shizong and Zhangzong, the summer retreats and hunting activities around the northern imperial villas and nearby mountain regions were an important part of the Four Seasons Nabo. Moreover, the locations of the Nabo moved gradually closer to the capital, and the functions of the Nabo were increasingly taken over by the capital itself. These shifts all reflect the decline of the Jin Dynasty's nomadic state identity and the strengthening of its urban state characteristics, which is a historical epitome of the Jin Dynasty's promotion of the development of Chinese civilization.

关 键 词：金代 四时捺钵 春水秋山 行国与城国 

分 类 号：K246.4[历史地理—历史学]