民国时期两广地区自然灾害计量分析(1912-1949年)  

Quantitative Analysis of Natural Disasters in Guangdong and Guangxi During the Republic of China(1912—1949)

作　　者：李华文[1] LI Huawen(School of History and Culture,Hunan Nomal University,Changsha 410081,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南师范大学历史文化学院,长沙410081

出　　处：《华南地理学报》2024年第2期32-40,共9页South China Geographical Journal

基　　金：湖南省教育厅优秀青年项目(22B0059)

摘　　要：以地方志为基本文献,采用计量分析方法,文章对民国时期两广地区的灾害历史展开研究。研究发现:两广地区的自然灾害以水旱二灾居多,风灾、虫害、地震亦较常见,雹灾、雪灾及冷害、兽灾等较为少见。历年灾情呈现起伏波动中日渐增多之势,期间出现六个重灾年段,并以20世纪40年代的2个特重灾年为据。灾害空间分布有明显地域差异,水灾和风灾常见于江河沿岸和沿海地带,干旱和虫害以内陆区更为频繁,兽灾集中在偏远山地林区,其余灾害散布各地。两广地区灾害时空分布的差异,导致各类灾害的破坏性不尽相同。水旱灾害破坏最大,次之为风灾、虫害,再次之为地震、兽灾及其他灾害。同时,广东与广西两省灾情又有不同,广东水灾、风灾、虫害、地震均比广西严重,但在干旱、兽灾等方面则轻于广西。总的来看,民国时期两广地区自然灾害呈现既频且剧的特征,整体灾情不容乐观。The thesis uses local chronicles as the basic document and uses quantitative analysis methods to study the history of disasters in Guangdong and Guangxi during the Republic of China.According to research,the floods and droughts are the most common,while wind disasters,pests and earthquakes are also more frequent,while animal disasters,hail disasters,snow disasters and frost disasters are relatively rare.The trend of disasters gradually increased,with six periods of severe disasters,especially the two periods of severe disasters in the 1940s.There are obvious regional differences in the spatial distribution of disasters,floods and wind disasters are common along rivers and coastal areas,droughts and pests are more frequent in inland areas,animal disasters are concentrated in remote mountain areas,and other disasters are scattered around.Due to the difference of spatial and temporal distribution of natural disasters in Guangdong and Guangxi,the destructiveness of various natural disasters is also different.Flood and drought are the most destructive,followed by wind disasters,pests,and again for the earthquake,animal disasters and other disasters.At the same time,the natural disasters in Guangdong and Guangxi are different.Guangdong is more serious than Guangxi in flood,wind disasters,pest and earthquake,but less serious than Guangxi in drought and animal disaster.To sum up,the natural disasters in Guangdong and Guangxi were frequent and serious,and the overall disaster situation was not optimistic.

关 键 词：两广地区 自然灾害 时空分布 灾害破坏性 地域差异性 

分 类 号：K928.6[历史地理—人文地理学]