清代诗学中的“意境”概念  

The Concept of Yijing in Qing Dynasty Poetics

作　　者：陈娟 Chen Juan

机构地区：[1]福建师范大学文学院,福州350007

出　　处：《中国文学批评》2025年第2期62-71,M0004,M0005,共12页Chinese Journal of Literary Criticism

摘　　要：中国古代诗学中的“境”义包含境界与境遇两个维度,这两个维度均参与了意境概念的生成和发展。唐代诗学重视境界,宋元明诗学主流强调境遇,清代诗学则兼取两者。清代诗学意境论一方面吸收了道、佛思想,强调诗境的空灵,另一方面在感物层面强调诗歌创造的基础在于诗人的真实境遇。清代诗学家以“不即不离,非有非无”描述意境,意境实际上成为诗歌等各种艺术活动中的一个要素、一种固有特质。“意境荡漾”是清代诗学意境论的突出命题。清代诗学对意境概念的使用显示出,意境的内涵有由境生意、由意造境、由意及境三个相互呼应的层面,境遇是意境阐释的起点,而境界则构成意境阐释的最高点,意境阐释应在境遇—境界所构成的区间内进行。The meaning of jing in ancient Chinese poetics includes two dimensions:jingjie(realm)and jingyu(encounter),both of which are involved in the creation and development of the concept of yijing(realm of meaning).Tang dynasty poetics emphasized the realm,Song,Yuan and Ming dynasty poetics emphasized the encounter,and Qing dynasty poetics adopted both.On the one hand,Qing poetics absorbed the ideas of Daoism and Buddhism and emphasized the ethereality of the poetic realm,and on the other hand,it emphasized that the basis of poetic creation lies in the poet's personal encounters at the level of sensibility.The poets of the Qing dynasty described yijing as"non-separation,non-existence,"and yijing actually became an element and inherent quality in various artistic activities such as poetry."The realm of meaning should be rich,and it should expand like waves"is a prominent proposition in the poetic theory of the Qing dynasty.The use of the concept of yijing in Qing dynasty poetics shows that the connotation of yijing has three corresponding levels,namely,fostering yi from jing,the creation of jing based on yi,and reaching jing from yi.Jingyu is the starting point of the interpretation of yijing,and jingjie constitutes the highest point of the interpretation of yijing,which should be carried out in the interval constituted by jingyu and jingjie.

关 键 词：境遇 虚实 由境生意 由意及境 意境荡漾 

分 类 号：I207.22[文学—中国文学]