基于AHP-CRITIC复合加权法优选牡蛎的炮制工艺及其重金属元素健康风险评估  

Optimization of processing technology based on AHP-CRITIC mixed entropy method and health risk assessment of heavy metals elements in Ostreae Concha

作　　者：张洪怡 周靖惟 刘佳雯 仰莲 杨小艳 黄宇 艾光丽 王福[1] 胡媛[1] 陈林[1] 刘友平[1] 马双成 陈士林 罗霄 陈鸿平[1] ZHANG Hongyi;ZHOU Jingwei;LIU Jiawen;YANG Lian;YANG Xiaoyan;HUANG Yu;AI Guangli;WANG Fu;HU Yuan;CHEN Lin;LIU Youping;MA Shuangcheng;CHEN Shilin;LUO Xiao;CHEN Hongping(State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources,School of Pharmacy,Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Chengdu 611137,China;Sichuan New Green Pharmaceutical Technology Development Co.,Ltd.,Pengzhou 611930,China;Chengdu Institute for Drug Control,NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Monitoring and Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Chengdu 610045,China;Chinese Pharmacopoeia Commission,Beijing 100061,China)

机构地区：[1]成都中医药大学药学院,西南特色中药资源国家重点实验室,四川成都611137 [2]四川新绿色药业科技发展有限公司,四川彭州611930 [3]成都市药品检验研究院国家药品监督管理局中药材质量监测评价重点实验室,四川成都610045 [4]国家药典委员会,北京100061

出　　处：《中草药》2025年第5期1549-1563,共15页Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs

基　　金：国家重点研发计划—中医药现代化专项(2023YFC3504101);国家中医药管理局应用基础研究课题(gzyjc20210901)。

摘　　要：目的采用层次分析(analytic hierarchy process,AHP)-基于指标相关性的权重确定方法(criteria importance though intercrieria correlation,CRITIC)复合加权法优选牡蛎的炮制工艺,并对牡蛎药材和煅牡蛎饮片的重金属及有害元素进行健康风险评估。方法采用单因素试验,结合热重-差热分析(thermogravimetric-differential thermal analysis,TG-DTA)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,FTIR)和X射线衍射光谱(X-ray diffraction spectroscopy,XRD)技术,对不同温度所得牡蛎煅制品进行表征与分析,初步确定煅制温度。采用正交试验,以CaCO3、5种重金属及有害元素含量、饮片得率和酥脆程度为指标,基于AHP-CRITIC复合加权法优选最佳炮制工艺。采用电感耦合等离子体质谱(inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry,ICP-MS)法检测牡蛎药材和煅牡蛎饮片中Pb、Cd、As、Hg、Cu 5种重金属及有害元素含量。以原粉入药为例,计算靶标危害系数(target hazard quotients,THQ)和致癌风险(carcinogenic risk,CR),对牡蛎药材和煅牡蛎饮片的重金属及有害元素进行健康风险评估。结果优化后的牡蛎炮制工艺为煅制温度650℃,煅制时间90min,药材直径2~3 cm。炮制后的煅牡蛎饮片中CaCO_(3)含量变化不大,重金属及有害元素含量降低。健康风险评估模型THQ和CR结果显示,22批牡蛎药材和煅牡蛎饮片均不会对暴露人群产生明显健康危害,无潜在致癌风险,且煅牡蛎饮片较牡蛎药材的健康风险显著降低(P<0.05)。结论将重金属及有害元素含量纳入评价指标,使结果更具全面性,采用AHP-CRITIC复合加权法将主、客观相结合以优选牡蛎的煅制工艺,所得工艺科学可靠,稳定可行,为牡蛎等贝壳类中药的炮制工艺研究提供了实验思路与方法。对牡蛎药材和煅牡蛎饮片的重金属及有害元素进行健康风险评估,为中医临床用药安全和含牡蛎保健食品的长期安全服用提供�Objective To optimize the calcination process of Muli(Ostreae Concha)by AHP-CRITIC mixed entropy method,and health risk of heavy metals and harmful elements were evaluated in Ostreae Concha medicinal materials and calcined Ostreae Concha decoction pieces.Methods A one-way test,combined with thermogravimetric-differential thermal analysis(TG-DTA),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR)and X-ray diffraction spectroscopy(XRD),was used to characterize and analyze the calcined Ostreae Concha decoction pieces obtained at different temperatures,and to preliminarily determine the calcination temperature.The optimal processing parameters were optimized based on the AHP-CRITIC method through orthogonal tests with calcium carbonate(CaCO3)content,heavy metals elements content,yield and crispiness as indicators.Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS)was employed to detect the contents of five heavy metals elements,namely,Pb,Cd,As,Hg and Cu,in Ostreae Concha medicinal materials and calcined Ostreae Concha decoction pieces.Taking the application of raw powder into medicine as an example,the target hazard quotients(THQ)and carcinogenic risk(CR)were calculated to assess the health risks of heavy metals and harmful elements in Ostreae Concha medicinal materials and calcined Ostreae Concha decoction pieces.Results The optimized calcination process is 2—3 cm in diameter of Ostreae Concha,and calcining for 90 minutes at 650℃.After processing,the CaCO_(3) content of calcined Ostreae Concha decoction pieces did not change much,the heavy metal and harmful elements contents were reduced.As demonstrated by health risk assessment based on the THQ and CR models,these 22 bathes of Ostreae Concha medicinal materials and calcined Ostreae Concha decoction pieces did not cause significant health hazards for the exposed populations,and there was no potential carcinogenic risk.And the health risk of 22 bathes of calcined Ostreae Concha decoction pieces was significantly reduced compared with the original medicinal materials(

关 键 词：牡蛎 炮制工艺 AHP-CRITIC复合加权法 电感耦合等离子体质谱 重金属 有害元素 健康风险评估 热重-差热分析 傅里叶变换红外光谱 X射线衍射光谱 正交试验 CaCO_(3) Pb、Cd、As、Hg、Cu 靶标危害系数 致癌风险 

分 类 号：R283.6[医药卫生—中药学]