全球能源格局地缘政治化与中国能源安全挑战  

The geopoliticization of the global energy landscape and China’s energy security challenges

作　　者：张锐 戚永颖[2] ZHANG Rui;QI Yongying(Global Energy Interconnection Development and Cooperation Organization;CNPC Economics and Technology Research Institute)

机构地区：[1]全球能源互联网发展合作组织经济技术研究院 [2]中国石油集团经济技术研究院

出　　处：《国际石油经济》2025年第3期11-21,共11页International Petroleum Economics

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“中国深度参与全球能源转型的角色塑造与战略提升研究”(23BGJ036)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：近年来,全球能源格局呈现显著的地缘政治化倾向,各国能源开发、国际能源合作遭受国际权力竞争的裹挟,主要原因包括全球地缘政治总体趋于紧张、世界能源体系加速低碳转型招致地缘政治关切与行动,以及美国在全球的能源身份发生改变。在地缘政治化的背景下,中国的能源体系面临更加广泛且严峻的挑战,表现为海外油气供给侧的波动风险、海上能源通道和海上油气开发的军事威胁、清洁能源供应链涉及的“卡脖子”问题、水电开发的跨国干扰、能源系统遭受的网络攻击。美国及其部分盟友是当前中国能源安全挑战的最大制造者。基于总体国家安全观,中国应坚持系统思维,维护总体安全;推动互利合作,塑造共同安全;稳妥处理大国关系,追求包容安全。In recent years,the global energy landscape has become deeply intertwined with geopolitics.National energy development and international energy cooperation are increasingly influenced by global power competition,which is driven by three key factors:rising geopolitical tensions worldwide,geopolitical concerns and actions by the accelerated transition to low-carbon energy systems,and the evolving role of the United States in the global energy arena.Against the backdrop of shifting geopolitics,China’s energy system is confronted with increasingly complex and severe challenges,which are reflected in supply-side volatility in overseas oil and gas markets,military threats to maritime energy corridors and offshore oil and gas operations,vulnerabilities in the clean energy supply chain,external interference in hydropower development,and the growing risk of cyberattacks targeting energy infrastructure.The United States and some of its allies are among the primary contributors to the challenges facing China’s energy security.Guided by a holistic approach to national security,China should adopt a systemic approach to ensure comprehensive security,foster mutually beneficial cooperation to achieve shared security,and manage major power relations to promote inclusive security.

关 键 词：全球能源格局 中国能源安全 能源转型 总体国家安全观 能源地缘政治 地缘政治化 

分 类 号：F407.2[经济管理—产业经济] F416.2