碳市场发展对中国天然气中下游企业的影响及对策建议  

Impact of carbon market development on China’s gas midstream and downstream enterprises and countermeasure suggestions

作　　者：黄晓光 周淑慧[2] 赵延芳 王献军 付川 韩翠莲 HUANG Xiaoguang;ZHOU Shuhui;ZHAO Yanfang;WANG Xianjun;FU Chuan;HAN Cuilian(PetroChina Natural Gas Marketing Company;PetroChina Planning and Engineering Institute;Tianjin Climate Exchange Co.,Ltd.)

机构地区：[1]中国石油天然气销售公司 [2]中国石油规划总院 [3]天津排放权交易所有限公司

出　　处：《国际石油经济》2025年第3期39-51,共13页International Petroleum Economics

摘　　要：中国碳市场依据产权与环境外部性内部化理论设计,通过碳排放配额分配与交易规则运行,形成强制市场与自愿市场互补的格局。从国际碳市场发展和中国碳市场运行效果看,碳市场在引导企业降碳方面成效显著。当前中国碳排放权交易市场聚焦直接排放考核,加速能源消费低碳化,自愿减排量市场促进绿色技术创新。考虑能源消费特点,天然气中下游企业被纳入碳市场的可能性很低。碳市场发展将促进主要用能企业节能降碳,近中期促进天然气利用规模提升,远期天然气需求趋于减少;管网设施将转向综合化利用。为更好适应碳市场发展和国家碳达峰碳中和目标,建议天然气中下游企业优化内部碳资产管理,加强碳排放管控,尤其要重视甲烷排放监测,加强碳市场能力建设;积极提供清洁低碳能源,引导和优化天然气利用,开展跨行业联合创新和业务布局优化。Rooted in property rights theory and environmental externality internalization,China’s carbon market integrates quota allocation and trading mechanisms to harmonize mandatory compliance and voluntary carbon markets.From the perspective of global carbon market development and China’s carbon market operation effects,the carbon market achieves the significant effects on guiding enterprises to reduce carbon emission.At present,China’s compliance carbon market focuses the direct emission oversight,accelerating low-carbon consumption and the voluntary market promotes green innovation.For midstream/downstream natural gas enterprises(MDEs),inclusion in the carbon market remains unlikely due to their energy consumption profiles.Nevertheless,market dynamics will drive short-term energy efficiency gains,medium-term gas demand growth,long-term consumption decline,and infrastructure pivots to multi-functional utilization.To better align with the“dual carbon goals”,MDEs should strengthen carbon asset management and emission controls with emphasis on methane monitoring,build carbon market capacity,actively offer clean and low carbon energy,guide and optimize gas utilization,and facilitate cross-sector joint innovation and business layout optimization.

关 键 词：碳市场 碳信用 天然气 中下游 影响 对策 

分 类 号：F424.1[经济管理—产业经济] F426.22