冠状病毒基因组非编码区调控病毒复制机制研究进展  

Mechanisms of regulating viral replication by the untranslated regions of corona-virus genome

作　　者：张静苗 何海健 杨帆 吴雨芯 周莹珊 董婉玉 王晓杜 ZHANG Jingmiao;HE Haijian;YANG Fan;WU Yuxin;ZHOU Yingshan;DONG Wanyu;WANG Xiaodu(College of Animal Science and Technology/College of Veterinary Medicine,Zhejiang A&F University,Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province/Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Veterinary Medicine and Health Management/Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center for Animal Health Diagnostics&Advanced Technology/China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics,Hangzhou 311300,China;College of Agriculture,Jinhua University of Vocational Technology,Jinhua,Zhejiang 321017,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江农林大学动物科技学院/动物医学院浙江省畜禽绿色生态健康养殖应用技术研究重点实验室/动物健康互联网检测技术浙江省工程实验室/动物医学与健康管理浙江省国际科技合作基地/中澳动物健康大数据分析联合实验室,浙江杭州311300 [2]金华职业技术大学农学院,浙江金华321017

出　　处：《中国兽医学报》2025年第2期379-388,396,共11页Chinese Journal of Veterinary Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(31972656);金华市科技计划农业类重点基金资助项目(2022-2-022,2023-2-022)。

摘　　要：冠状病毒是迄今已知的基因组最大的RNA病毒,其中猪冠状病毒是引起仔猪急剧腹泻的重要病原体,具有高度变异特性,防控难度较高,每年给我国养猪业带来严重的经济损失。对冠状病毒RNA合成机制的解析有助于了解冠状病毒的遗传变异规律和筛选抗病毒药物,目前研究较深入的主要是鼠冠状病毒(murine coronavirus, MHV)和2型人严重呼吸道综合征冠状病毒(severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2,SARS-CoV-2)。为探究猪冠状病毒的复制机制,本研究以MHV和SARS-CoV-2等冠状病毒为参考,总结了其与猪流行性腹泻病毒(porcine epidemic diarrhea virus, PEDV)、传染性胃肠炎病毒(transmissible gastroenteritis virus, TGEV)、猪德尔塔冠状病毒(porcine deltacoronavirus, PDCoV)和猪急性腹泻综合征冠状病毒(swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus, SADS-CoV)等猪冠状病毒非编码区调控病毒复制的机制。重点分析5′非编码区(5′untranslated region, 5′UTR)的保守基序及二级结构在病毒复制中的作用、3′UTR的保守结构如何调控病毒复制、病毒非编码区与宿主蛋白的相互作用调控病毒复制以及病毒非编码区变异特征等内容,为针对该类靶点的抗病毒药物和高病毒滴度疫苗候选株的开发提供理论基础。Coronavirus is the largest RNA virus with known genome so far,among which porcine coronavirus is an important pathogen causing acute diarrhea in piglets.Due to its highly mutable RNA nature,this virus poses a substantial challenge for disease prevention and control,leading to substantial annual economic losses within China's swine industry.The analysis of the mechanism of RNA synthesis of coronaviruses is helpful for understanding the genetic variation of coronaviruses and screening antiviral drugs.At present,more in-depth studies mainly focus on Murine coronavir-us(MHV)and human Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2).In order to investigate the replication mechanism of porcine coronaviruses,this article takes MHV,SARS-CoV-2 and other coronaviruses as references to summarises the mechanism of regulating viral rep-lication in the non-coding region of porcine coronaviruses such as Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus(PEDV),Transmissible gastroenteritis virus(TGEV),Porcine deltacoronavirus(PDCoV),and Swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus(SADS-CoV).Placed a specific emphasis on the func-tional roles of conserved motifs and secondary structures within the 5'UTR in facilitating viral rep-lication,elucidated how conserved structures in the 3'UTR regulate the same process.The signifi-cance of the interaction between the non-coding region of the virus and the host were discussed,and variations in the viral 5'UTR and 3'UTR were scrutinized,thereby establishing a solid theoret-ical foundation for the development of antiviral drugs that target UTRs and high titer vaccine can-didate strains.

关 键 词：冠状病毒 非编码区 病毒复制 调控元件 

分 类 号：S853.7[农业科学—临床兽医学]