抗原表位鉴定的新方法及其递送系统的研究进展  

Research progress in identification methods andtheir delivery systems of novel epitopes

作　　者：高玉璇 翟焕杰 宋鑫 李树稳 仇华吉[1] 李永锋[1] GAO Yuxuan;ZHAI Huanjie;SONG Xin;LI Shuwen;QIU Huaji;LI Yongfeng(StateKey Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention,Harbin Veterinary Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Harbin 150069,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院哈尔滨兽医研究所动物疫病防控全国重点实验室,黑龙江哈尔滨150069

出　　处：《中国兽医学报》2025年第2期389-396,共8页Chinese Journal of Veterinary Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上资助项目(32373024)。

摘　　要：表位疫苗是近年来快速发展的一种新型疫苗构建策略,具有安全性高、可诱导机体产生高效的特异性体液免疫和细胞免疫应答等优势。其中,抗原表位的鉴定和递送是设计表位疫苗的关键。相比传统的抗原表位鉴定方法,目前已发展了生物信息学、ELIspot以及细胞内细胞因子染色等多种新技术。由于用表位抗原肽直接免疫的效果通常不理想,因此为了使表位诱导良好的免疫应答,亟需有效的递送系统。目前,常用的抗原表位递送系统主要包括病毒载体和自组装纳米颗粒等非病毒载体两种。另外,为增强表位的免疫效果,常对抗原表位进行修饰,如多个抗原表位串联及靶向修饰等方法。本综述总结了精确鉴定具有良好免疫原性抗原表位的方法以及抗原表位的有效递送策略,以期为新型表位疫苗创制提供一定的理论指导。Epitope vaccine is a novel strategy for vaccine development in recent years,exhibiting ad-vantages such as safety,and the ability to induce specific humoral and cellular immune responses a-gainst pathogens.Among them,the identification and delivery of epitopes are crucial in the design of multi-epitope vaccines.Compared to traditional methods of antigenic epitope identification,vari-ous new techniques such as bioinformatics,ELIspot,and intracellular cytokine staining have been developed.Since the direct immunization of multi-epitope peptides results in low protective effica-cy,efficient delivery systems are urgently needed.The antigenic epitopes commonly used delivery systems include viral vectors,and non-virus vectors such as nanoparticles,etc.Additionally,to en-hance the immunization efficacy of vaccines,antigenic epitopes are usually modified,including mul-tiple epitopes in tandem and epitope targeting modification and other strategies.This review sum-marizes the methods for accurate identification of antigenic epitopes with well immunogenicity as well as effective delivery strategies for antigenic epitopes,providing new insight into the develop-ment of novel multi-epitope vaccines.

关 键 词：表位疫苗 B细胞表位 T细胞表位 递送系统 

分 类 号：S852.65[农业科学—基础兽医学]