中国天眼工程升级计划——FAST核心阵设计和关键技术研究  

The upgrading program of"China Sky Eye":Design and key technologies of FAST Core Array

作　　者：姜鹏[1,2,3] 刘彬 于东俊[1,2,3] 甘恒谦[1,2,3] 陈如荣[1,2] 朱炜玮 钱磊[1,2,3] 孙京海 李辉 潘高峰 朱博勤[1,2,3] 柴晓明 朱岩[1,2,3] 李楠 胡浩[1,2,3] JIANG Peng;LIU Bin;YU Dongjun;GAN Hengqian;CHEN Rurong;ZHU Weiwei;QIAN Lei;SUN Jinghai;LI Hui;PAN Gaofeng;ZHU Boqin;CHAI Xiaoming;ZHU Yan;LI Nan;HU Hao(National Astronomical Observatories,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy and Technology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;Guizhou Radio Astronomical Observatory,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院国家天文台,北京100101 [2]中国科学院射电天文与技术重点实验室,北京100101 [3]贵州大学,贵州射电天文台,贵阳550000

出　　处：《科技导报》2025年第5期55-63,共9页Science & Technology Review

基　　金：国家自然科学基金杰出青年科学基金项目(12225303);中国科学院稳定支持基础研究领域青年团队计划(YSBR-063);贵州省科技计划项目FAST核心阵干涉原型系统研究(黔科合中引地〔2025〕021);贵州省高层次人才项目(黔科合平台人才-GCC[2022]003-1);贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合平台人才-ZDSYS[2023]003);新基石科学基金会“科学探索奖”。

摘　　要：FAST作为世界顶级射电望远镜,虽在诸多方向取得重要成果,但FAST的局限性也日益显现。FAST二期工程概念的提出,旨在发展低成本、快速实施的阵列升级方案。计划到2027年,在FAST周边5 km内建设24台40 m口径天线,组网形成综合孔径阵列,灵敏度达到3600 m^(2)/K;2030年底,在30 km内再建设40台同等口径天线,组成FAST二期,增强成像能力和空间分辨率。升级后的FAST将与国内其他大型全可动单天线联合工作,实现15 mas的分辨率和6400 m^(2)/K的灵敏度,约为ngVLA的2倍。FAST二期工程不仅提升灵敏度,还将增强高分辨率成像能力,显著推进时域天文、遥远星系中性氢探测、宇宙大尺度结构、暗能量等前沿研究。FAST,as a world-class radio telescope,has made significant achievements in many directions.However,with the increasing international competition,FAST's limitations are becoming more apparent.Therefore,we propose the FAST Phase II project,which aims to develop a low-cost and rapidly implementable array upgrading scheme.The plan is to build 2440-meter aperture antennas within 5 kilometers around FAST by 2027 to form a synthetic aperture array with a sensitivity of 3600 square meters per Kelvin.By the end of 2030,another 40 antennas of the same aperture will be built within 30 kilometers to form the FAST Phase II,which will enhance the imaging capability and spatial resolution.The upgraded FAST will work in conjunction with other large fully steerable single-antenna telescopes in China to achieve a resolution of 15 milliarcseconds and a sensitivity of 6400 square meters per Kelvin,about twice that of ngVLA.The FAST Phase II project will not only improve the sensitivity but also enhance the high-resolution imaging capability,so as to significantly advance the cutting-edge research in time-domain astronomy,neutral hydrogen detection of distant galaxies,large-scale structure of the universe,dark energy,and other fields.

关 键 词：射电天文 天文技术与方法 射电望远镜 射电干涉阵列 

分 类 号：P111[天文地球—天文学]