全球海洋大科学装置建设现状与启示  

Situation of global construction of marine large-scale scientific facilities and enlightenment

作　　者：魏艳红 张涛[2] 王金平 薛明媚 郑军卫 WEI Yanhong;ZHANG Tao;WANG Jinping;XUE Mingmei;ZHENG Junwei(Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China;Development Research Center of China Geological Survey,Beijing 100037,China;Institute of Oceanology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Qingdao 266000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院,兰州730000 [2]中国地质调查局发展研究中心,北京100037 [3]中国科学院海洋研究所,青岛266000

出　　处：《科技导报》2025年第5期64-78,共15页Science & Technology Review

基　　金：中国科学院文献情报能力建设专项课题(E1290423,E2290431)。

摘　　要：通过梳理全球主要的科考船、深潜器、海底观测网、海洋钻井平台和海洋卫星等海洋大科学装置的建设情况、发展趋势和特点,以期为中国海洋大科学装置的建设、发展、管理和运行维护等方面提供借鉴与参考。针对中国海洋大科学装置建设存在立项难度大、设施运行效率低、经费支持不稳定等问题,从加强顶层设计、保障经费支持、强化产研结合、发挥设施潜能及打造创新生态共5个方面提出建议。Ocean is an important field of scientific and technological innovation,and the significant breakthroughs in marine science and technology and the output of major marine scientific and technological achievements mainly depend on the development level of marine large-scale scientific facilities.Marine large-scale scientific facilities,as a concentrated embodiment of the level of scientific research infrastructure and equipment manufacturing capability in this field,have been highly valued by the major marine countries in the world.This paper summarizes the situation,development trends and characteristics of major marine large-scale scientific facilitity constructions worldwide,such as research vessels,deep submersibles,submarine observation networks,offshore drilling platforms and ocean satellites.This paper can provide reference for the construction,development,management,and operation of marine large-scale scientific facilities in China.In view of the difficulties in project approval,low operation efficiency of facilities,and unstable funding support in the construction of marine large-scale scientific facilities in China,suggestions are put forward from five aspects:strengthening top-level design,ensuring financial support,enhancing the integration of production and research,giving full play to the potential of facilities,and creating an innovative ecosystem.

关 键 词：海洋大科学装置 国家基础设施 海洋战略 海洋科学技术 

分 类 号：P74[天文地球—海洋科学]