新城疫病毒HN-mRNA疫苗在SPF鸡中的攻毒保护效果评价  

Evaluation of immune efficacy of Newcastle disease virus mRNA vaccine

作　　者：崔苗苗 冯嘉轩 李金斗 丁佳欣 郭春红 姜峰 刘晓雷 丁壮 CUI Miaomiao;FENG Jiaxuan;LI Jindou;DING Jiaxin;GUO Chunhong;JIANG Feng;LIU Xiaolei;DING Zhuang(State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases,College of Veterinary Medicine,Jilin University,Changchun 130062,China;Clinical Medical College,Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Changchun 130117,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林大学动物医学学院人畜共患传染病重症诊治全国重点实验室,吉林长春130062 [2]长春中医药大学临床医学院,吉林长春130117

出　　处：《中国兽医学报》2025年第3期436-442,共7页Chinese Journal of Veterinary Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(32072860);吉林省科技厅重点研发计划资助项目(20230202082NC)。

摘　　要：为评估新城疫病毒(Newcastle disease virus,NDV)HN-mRNA疫苗提供的保护效率,本研究将HN-mRNA疫苗通过肌肉注射方式免疫SPF鸡,通过血凝抑制试验、淋巴细胞增殖试验、RT-qPCR和病理切片等方法评估HN-mRNA候选疫苗诱导的体液免疫、细胞免疫及攻毒保护效果。结果显示,2.5、5.0、7.5μg HN-mRNA以剂量依赖性的方式诱导血凝抑制抗体,其中7.5μg HN-mRNA诱导的HI抗体略高于商品弱毒疫苗(La Sota株)。此外,针对NDV灭活病毒的刺激,2.5、5.0、7.5μg HN-mRNA免疫组及商品疫苗组淋巴细胞均能发生增殖及活化。为进一步评估HN-mRNA免疫后提供的攻毒保护效果,将105 ELD50 NDV强毒株NA-1株采用滴鼻、点眼方式对7.5μg HN-mRNA免疫组和商品弱毒疫苗(La Sota株)及PBS组进行攻毒,结果显示7.5μg HN-mRNA免疫组和商品疫苗组存活率均为100%,且能保护组织器官免受病毒感染导致的损伤,并且7.5μg HN-mRNA免疫组相较于商品疫苗组能缩短体外排毒时间和体内病毒载量。本试验结果为NDV HN-mRNA候选疫苗的临床应用奠定基础,并为禽类新型mRNA疫苗的研发提供参考。SPF chickens were immunized with HN-mRNA vaccine by intramuscular injection.Hemagglutination inhibition(HI)test,lymphocyte proliferation test,RT-qPCR and pathological sections were used to evaluate the humoral and cellular immunity and protection against challenge induced by the candidate HN-mRNA vaccine.The results showed that 2.5,5.0,and 7.5μg HN-mRNA induced HI antibody antibodies in a dose-dependent manner.Among them,the Hi antibody induced by 7.5μg HN-mRNA was slightly higher than that of the weak toxic vaccine(La Sota strain).In addition,in response to the stimulation of inactivated NDV virus,the proliferation and activation of lymphocytes in 2.5,5.0 and 7.5μg HN-mRNA immunization groups and commercial vaccine group were observed.To further evaluate the antiviral protection provided by HN mRNA immunization,the 10~5 ELD_(50)NDV strong strain NA-1 was used to attack the 7.5μg HN-mRNA immunised group and the commercial weakened vaccine(La Sota strain)and PBS groups using nasal and ocular drops.The results showed that the survival rate of 7.5μg HN-mRNA immunization group and commercial vaccine group was 100%,and these vaccines could protect tissues and organs from the damage caused by virus infection.At the same time,7.5μg HN-mRNA and commercial vaccine could shorten the time of virus shedding in vitro and the viral load in vivo.This study provides a foundational framework for the clinical application of NDV HN mRNA candidate vaccines and offers insights for the development of novel mRNA vaccines for poultry.

关 键 词：新城疫病毒 HN-mRNA疫苗 血凝抑制抗体 攻毒保护效果评价 

分 类 号：S852.65[农业科学—基础兽医学]